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南京导游词11篇(汇总20篇)

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篇1:南京栖霞山的导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 1016 字

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“金陵名蓝三,牛首以山名,弘济以水名,兼山水之胜者,莫如栖霞”。栖霞山古称摄山,因山中盛产中草药,可以滋养摄生,故名。栖霞山位于南京东北郊十八公里处,山有三峰,中峰最高,名三茅宫,又称凤翔峰,最高峰等,海拔286米;东峰绵延向东形似卧龙,名龙山;西峰突兀江边,状如伏虎,名虎山。栖霞山外形似伞,因此古时又称为伞山。至于“栖霞”名之由来,至少有两种说法:一是山以寺名,二是因山中漫山红叶,每当深秋时,犹如晚霞栖落,蔚蔚壮观。现栖霞山为我国五大红叶观赏风景区之一。

古人云,“会游游栖霞,不会游游天下”。可见栖霞山独具魅力,首先栖霞山兼山水之胜,被乾隆皇帝誉为“第一金陵明秀山”,且自古以来就是战略要地。其次,栖霞山以其深厚的文化内涵,被专家称为浓缩了半部金陵文化史,是南京六朝文化的重要代表和见证地。第三,栖霞山(古称摄山),自古以来以盛产中草药而闻名于世,在我国中草药资源宝库中独树一帜,葛玄、葛洪、李时珍等名人曾多次来栖霞山。第四,对于国内外地质、地理工作者而言,栖霞山富有地质之胜,栖霞山是我国东半部地质情况中南方类型的“模特儿”,现在国际地质学界还把一些地层名字冠以“栖霞”二字,此外,栖霞山还盛产金、银、锰、锌等矿产。第五,就自然景观而言,独特的山峦奇石,二涧四泉,加之春桃花、秋红叶,确实为一引人入胜的风景名胜地。

乾隆皇帝与栖霞山

乾隆皇帝六次南巡,除了第一次外,后五次他都来过栖霞山,并在栖霞山行宫前后驻跸四十五天,描写栖霞山各名胜的诗有120首,匾联44副,佛赞一篇,对其偏爱的栖霞十景,行宫、彩虹明镜、紫峰阁、玲峰池、万松山房、珍珠泉、德云庵、叠浪岩、幽居庵、天开岩,不仅写出许多赞美的诗联,而且并画下这个十景当时的盛况。乾隆皇帝第一次来栖霞山就写下了赞誉栖霞山美景的诗《游栖霞山》,“第一金陵明秀山,所欣初遇足空前,画屏云庵紫峰阁,乳窦春淙白鹿泉,梵业镌碑尚隋代,净因舍宅自齐贤,更谁凿壁名纱帽,只恐平原意未然”。

哼哈殿

哼哈殿位于景区主入口,于20__年9月15日建成。一般寺庙都设有三个门,亦称“山门”,象征解脱人生、痛苦的入口。殿内两侧通常供奉两尊金刚神像,威武骠悍、露牙睁目,就是“哼哈二将”。他们的俗名一个叫郑伦,一个叫陈奇。郑伦是商纣王的督粮大将,他只要用鼻子一哼,便能使人魂飞魄散,因得名“哼将”;陈奇原也是商朝的督粮官,他张嘴一哈,黄气喷出,嗅者当场丧命,二人一个哼鼻,一个哈气,各显神威,故称哼哈二将。

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篇2:2024南京夫子庙导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 6059 字

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Located in the south of Jiankang road in Nanjing City, it mainly refers tothe Confucius Temple, Xuegong and Gongyuan, but the streets around these threebuildings are traditionally called Confucius Temple. In the area of about 0.5square kilometers from pingjiangfu road in the east to Zhanyuan road in thewest, there are more than 300 shopping malls and shops, 2 cinemas and manyhotels and amusement parks, etc., and there is an underground commercial streetof about 10000 square meters underground. It can be said that Confucius Templeis a multi-functional service center integrating tourism, culture, commerce,catering and entertainment. More than 150000 people attended the festival,especially during the Jinling Lantern Festival. In 337, the Prime Minister WangDao built a school Palace on the North Bank of the Qinhuai River, which is theearliest building of Confucius Temple.

In 1032, Emperor Renzong built Confucius Temple and Confucius Temple infront of the Academy. Later, it was destroyed several times and rebuilt severaltimes due to war. The present building was rebuilt in 1984. It reproduces thestyle and landscape of Jiangnan market in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. ConfuciusTemple is a place for offering sacrifices to Confucius, covering an area of26300 square meters. Zhaobi is located on the South Bank of Qinhuai River. It is10 meters high and 110 meters long. The top of the wall is covered with smallcylinder green tiles and the four corners are slightly tilted. Its length is thelongest in China.

There is a crescent shaped panchi on the north bank and a row of carvedstone railings built in the Ming Dynasty on the bank. On the east side of thestone fence is kuiken pavilion with three floors and six flying angles; on thenorth side is Wenshu square with four pillars and three gates, with four goldcharacters "Tianxia Wenshu" engraved in the middle; on the west side is Juxingpavilion with double eaves and carved ridge flying angles, and in front ofDacheng gate is Lingxing gate with six pillars and three gates. The buildingshere all have the word "Star", which means that the stars of the world aregathered here. Dachengmen is an ancient building with a beam and a bucket. Ithas a Dragon Ridge and three doors standing side by side. Each door has 45 studsand a faucet ring. On the left and right sides of the gate stand four stonetablets of the Southern Qi, yuan and Song Dynasties, and on both sides of theinner courtyard are corridors connecting the Dacheng hall. Dacheng hall is themain building of Confucius Temple. It is 16.2 meters high, 27.3 meters wide and20.9 meters deep. It has seven Ying double eaves, four slopes and five ridges.The standing carving of dragon and pearl on the main ridge is the first inChina. With 56 huge stones in the hall, it is majestic and spectacular. In frontof the hall, the bronze statue of Confucius in Danlong, 4.18 meters high, is thehighest in China. Outside the walls on both sides of the East and West are theEast and West markets carefully planned and designed according to the style ofthe Ming and Qing Dynasties, mainly dealing in antique jade, four treasures ofthe study, famous calligraphy and paintings and tourist souvenirs. Located atthe back of Dacheng hall, the academy is composed of Mingde hall, ZunjingPavilion, Chongsheng temple, Qingyun tower and other buildings. It is thehighest Academy in ancient state capital. Mingde hall is the main hall of theAcademy, which is now a playground.

From Wenshufang to the East, you can see a square three story woodenstructure building with a bucket arch and cornice Mingyuan building. It is thecentral building of the former Jiangnan Gongyuan. It is the place to monitorexaminees and issue orders during examinations. On both sides of the courtyardbehind the building are the imperial examination houses of the Ming and QingDynasties. The house is about 1.5 meters long and wide. There are only twoboards on the top and the bottom, with tables on the top and benches on thebottom. The examinees eat, drink and sleep in this narrow space for a few days.All the food they bring in should be checked, and even the steamed bread shouldbe cut to prevent cheating. In its heyday, Jiangnan Gongyuan covered an area ofmore than 70000 square meters, with 20644 houses, the largest scale of Gongyuanin China. Mingyuanlou is now known as "Jiangnan Gongyuan site", which is aprovincial cultural relic protection unit. The Confucius Temple in history usedto be an abnormal bustling city, especially in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, whenit opened in autumn, tens of thousands of candidates (up to 20000 people)gathered here, so bookstores, teahouses and inns came into being, andrestaurants and brothels also proliferated. At that time, some streets andalleys on the South Bank of the Qinhuai River were the "gentle townships" and"gold selling caves" for the children of rich families. There were also manyfamous prostitutes, such as Li Xiangjun and Dong Xiaowan, known as "Qinhuaieight beauties". Today, Meixiang building is rebuilt at 38 chaoku street, whichis open to visitors as Li Xiangjuns former residence.

Wu Jingzi, a famous writer in Qing Dynasty, once lived on the Bank ofQinhuai River. After 19 years, he wrote a famous book "scholars history" whichcriticized the imperial examination system. On the site of his former residence,Qinhuai Water Pavilion, a building of the style of river hall and river house inMing and Qing Dynasties has been built, which is called "Qinhuai family" hotel.There are folk activities such as antique wedding and so on. At present, morethan 100 kinds of traditional snacks have been discovered. With foreign fastfood such as KFC and McDonalds, visitors can enjoy them. Jinling LanternFestival is even more famous. Its called the Lantern Festival on the 12th andthe Lantern Festival on the 18th of the first month of the lunar calendar. Infact, since the beginning of the new year, people have been buying, selling andwatching lanterns. There are dozens of colorful lanterns, which make peopledazzled and confused.

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篇3:南京明孝陵英文导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 13341 字

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Dear tourists, the scenic spot we are going to visit is the Ming XiaolingMausoleum, which is located in Dulong, Mt. Zijin. Xiaoling Tomb of the MingDynasty is the joint Tomb of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, andhis Empress Ma Shi. Zhu Yuanzhang was born in 1328 to a poor peasant family inFengyang, Anhui Province. He joined Huangjue temple at the age of 17, joined thered scarf army of Guo Zixing at the end of the Yuan Dynasty in 1352, led thearmy to conquer Nanjing in 1356, and ascended the throne in 1368.

Xiaoling Mausoleum of Ming Dynasty was built in 1381. In 1382, it wasburied in empress Ma Shi. In 1398, it was buried here after Zhu Yuanzhang diedof illness. The project was not completed until 1413. It was named Xiaolingbecause Zhu Yuanzhang advocated "governing the world with filial piety" on theone hand, and because empress Ma was posthumously named "Xiaoci" on the other.Therefore, the tomb was called "Xiaoling" in the Ming Dynasty and "Xiaoling" inthe Qing Dynasty to show the difference between dynasties.

Relying on Zijin Mountain, the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum has a windingShinto. The mausoleum abides by the tradition of Chinese architecture, and itscentral axis is symmetrical. It is the first Mausoleum of Baocheng Baoding. Themausoleum shape of the former dynasty and the later Dynasty is the firstMausoleum of the Ming and Qing Dynasties for more than 600 years. As a nationalkey cultural relic protection unit, it was listed in the world cultural heritagelist in 20__.

What we see now is the first gate of the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, dajinmen.In those days, a 45 Li external wall extended from both sides of dajinmen,including the whole Zijinshan.

The roof and gate of the old golden gate, which was covered with yellowglazed tiles, have disappeared. Only the castle and the three arches.

Over the golden gate, we came to Sifang city. It turned out to be a stelePavilion. Because the top of the pavilion was destroyed by the war in XianfengPeriod of Qing Dynasty, only four walls and four door tickets were left. Eachside is 26.86 meters long, just like an ancient castle. So Nanjing peoplecommonly call it Sifang city. There is a tablet of "the miraculous work of theXiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty" in the city, which is 6.7 meters highIts 2.08 meters high and called Mian. Its said that its one of the nine sonsof the dragon. Its very heavy. This tablet is the largest Ming tablet inNanjing. The inscription is written by Zhu Di, the founder of the Ming Dynasty.It has 2746 words and is divided into seven parts. First, it describes his lifeexperience and was born in Jurong family. Second, it asks for the peoplesorders and makes a great fortune. Third, it calms down the world, ascends thethrone and becomes emperor, cezhonggong and the crown prince, and is granted thesame surname. Fourth, it abolishes Zhongshu and sets up six departments to takecharge of military power. Fifth, it attaches importance to talents and the studyof founding a nation; 6、 He lived a simple life, and asked him to be buried withMa after his death in Xiaoling; 7. The name of 57 royal children and 144 fourcharacter eulogies, the inscription is a high praise of Zhu Yuanzhangs life.The completion of the monument of the great Ming Xiaoling was in 1413, whichmarks the end of the Ming Xiaoling project. Behind Zhu Dis great contributionto Zhu Yuanzhang, in fact, he built up his own prestige in Dashu, so as to showthe legitimacy of inheriting the throne. He originally sent tens of thousands ofmigrant workers to chisel a huge stele in the eastern suburb of Nanjing. If thecap, body and base of the stele were 72 meters high, they were too huge tocarry, so they were abandoned.

After passing the Yuhe bridge, we come to the Shinto of the XiaolingMausoleum of the Ming Dynasty. The Shinto is divided into two sections. Thefirst section is Shixiang road. On both sides of the road, there are six kindsof Stone Beasts, four in each group, standing on both sides and squatting onboth sides. Kirin is the king of animals, symbolizing the majesty of kings, andChina _ s legendary law beast, symbolizing the integrity of kings; camels arethe boats of the desert, showing the vast territory of Ming Dynasty and thetranquility of the western regions of the country; the elephant is a symbol ofthe country and the people, and the people are obedient; the unicorn is a kindof monster of Chinese mythology and legend, symbolizing the benevolence of theemperor. The last animal to see is a horse, which symbolizes loyalty to theemperor. The main purpose of placing these stone beasts on both sides of theShinto is to record Zhu Yuanzhangs achievements, to show the prosperity of theMing Dynasty, and to pray for the suppression of demons and evil spirits.

Walking along the stone statue Road, the second section of Shinto,wengzhong Road, lies ahead. There is a pair of pillar at the intersection, whichis also called Huabiao. The Shinto standing in front of the mausoleum is alsocalled lingbiao. There is the function of indicating the road here. From here,Shinto begins to turn due north. On wengzhong Road, there were two pairs ofmilitary generals, who were wearing armor and holding a wat board in theirhands. They were burly, and two pairs of civil ministers, who were wearing courtclothes and holding wat boards in their hands, were solemn. They are a pair ofyoung people and a pair of middle-aged people respectively, which indicates thatthere are successors in Daming. At the end of the Shinto Road, there is aLingxing gate with six pillars and three gates. The original gate was destroyedin the war in Xianfeng Period of the Qing Dynasty. Now the Lingxing gate isrestored in 20__ according to historical data. This is the ceremonial gate forvisiting the mausoleum.

On the east side of Shixiang Road, there is a hill called Meihua Mountain.Shinto turns a bend around Meihua Mountain. It turns out that this mountain wasthe mausoleum of Sun Quan in the eastern Wu Dynasty. During the construction ofthe Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty, someone suggested that thismausoleum should be removed. However, Zhu Yuanzhang said, "Sun Quan is also ahero. Let me see the gate." so the Shinto curved and became the natural barrierof the Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty. Now it has become a famous plumappreciation base in Nanjing.

Now we see the Jinshui bridge. Behind the Jinshui bridge is the mausoleumbuilding of Xiaoling Mausoleum of Ming Dynasty. There were five Jinshui bridgesfacing the five gates of the mausoleum palace, which were destroyed by the warin Xianfeng Period of Qing Dynasty. Only three of them were restored in QingDynasty. We can see that the stone carvings on the bridge deck and bridgefoundation are still relics of Ming Dynasty, and the bridge railings wererebuilt in Qing Dynasty. Starting from here, the building is in accordance withChinese tradition, with the north facing south and the central axissymmetrical.

Up the slope, the first thing we see is the square gate of Wenwu, which isthe gate of the mausoleum palace. Its yellow tile, red door and red wall set offeach other, showing the royal style. This gate was rebuilt in 1988 according tohistorical materials. In front of the gate, on the east side of the wall, thereis a special notice tablet, which was erected in the first year of Xuantong. Itis written in the characters of Japan, Germany, Italy, France, Britain andRussia. The content is to warn visitors to protect Xiaoling.

Entering the Wenwu square gate, we come to the Beidian. The Beidian wasoriginally the gate in front of the Xiaoling hall. Because the gate wasdestroyed in the war of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the destroyed gate wasrebuilt into a Beidian in the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty. There are fiveinscriptions in the hall. In the middle of the five inscriptions, "Zhilong Tangand Song Dynasty" is inscribed in the handwriting of Emperor Kangxi, which meansthat Zhu Yuanzhangs achievements in governing the country surpass those ofEmperor Taizong Li Shimin and Emperor Songtai in the Tang Dynasty Zhao Kuangyin.Kangxi, as the emperor of the Qing Dynasty, showed his respect and admirationfor Zhu Yuanzhang on the one hand, and on the other hand, he had his own goodintentions. At the beginning of the reign of Kangxi, the Han people did notaccept the Manchu rule. Kangxi knew that it was not enough to rely on theManchus high pressure policy alone, but also on the Han people. He visitedXiaoling of Ming Dynasty six times and five times in his life. He knelt downthree times and kowtowed nine times. In 1699, when he visited Xiaoling of MingDynasty for the third time, he wrote "Zhilong Tang and Song Dynasty" to win thehearts of the people. Next to them are two steles inscribed by Emperor Qianlongwhen he visited the mausoleum. There are also two lying steles on the back,which respectively record the first and third visits to Taizu mausoleum duringEmperor Kangxis southern tour. There are records written by Tao Dai, governorof Liangjiang and Cao Yin, weaving doctor in Jiangnan.

This building is the former site of Xiaoling hall, which is the mainbuilding of Xiaoling. You can see the three-story xumizuo platform base of theoriginal white marble. The platform base is three meters high. The four cornersof the three-story platform base are still left with stone carved head. Thereare three steps around the platform base. Its the middle of the road. On thethird floor of xumizuo is the hall of enjoyment, which is dedicated to ZhuYuanzhang and empress ma. The original palace was destroyed by the war inXianfeng Period of the Qing Dynasty. Now we can see 56 huge stone pillars on theplatform foundation, each with a diameter of 0.91 meters. Its easy to imaginehow spectacular the hall was at that time. At that time, the hall of Xiaolingwas nine rooms wide and five rooms deep, with double eaves, covered with yellowglazed tiles and a bucket arch overhanging eaves. The scale of Xiaoling was muchlarger than that of Changling Hall of Ming Chengzu in Beijing. What we see nowis the three Bay small hall restored during the reign of Tongzhi in the QingDynasty, which is not as large as before.

Passing through the inner red gate and the Shengxian bridge, the buildingin front of you is Fangcheng. Fangcheng is a huge building in front of Baoding.The outside is made of big stones and huge bricks. There are eight characterwalls on the East and west sides of Fangcheng. The four corners of the wall aredecorated with brick carvings. These brick carvings are representative works ofthe early Ming Dynasty. Passing through the 54th level corridor in the center ofFangcheng, you can see the south wall of Baocheng. On the front of the wall, youcan see that it is built with 13 layers of stones. It is said that the sevencharacters were engraved in the early years of the Republic of China to answervisitors questions.

From the East-West corridor between Baocheng and Fangcheng, you can climbto the minglou. It was originally a beautiful building with double eaves andyellow glazed tiles. It was destroyed by the war of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdomin the Qing Dynasty. Only four walls are left. In 20__, the minglou protectionproject was completed, and it has been restored. In July 20__, the minglou wasofficially opened to tourists, showing the distribution of Ming Dynasty in ChinaThere are 19 mausoleums of emperors in China.

Behind the Fangcheng is Baoding, which is a large round mound with adiameter of 325-400m. On the top of the mound are towering trees, and below itis the palace where empress Ma of Zhu Yuanzhang was buried. Baocheng is a brickcity with a circumference of 1100 meters around Baoding. The imperial mausoleumin Baoding of Baocheng city is the first mausoleum in Ming and Qing Dynastiesfor more than 500 years. Its just that the Ming Dynastys top is roughly round,while the Qing Dynastys Mausoleums top is oval.

Today, the east side of the Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty haspreserved the site of the Dongling Mausoleum of Zhu Biao, Prince of the MingDynasty.

In ancient China, the imperial mausoleum was originally built in Fangshangof Qin and Han Dynasties. The representative mausoleum was Qinshihuang Mausoleumin Shaanxi Province. In Tang Dynasty, it was changed to the mausoleum near themountain. The representative mausoleum included Tang Qianling Mausoleum of LiZhi, Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty and Empress Wu Zetian of Shaanxi Province.In Song Dynasty, the imperial mausoleum was built in Fangshang of relativelysmall scale. In Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang initiated the mausoleum form ofBaocheng Baoding mausoleum and former dynasty and later Dynasty mausoleum.

The Ming Dynasty established its capital in 1368 and perished in 1644.There were 16 emperors before and after it. Except for the Ming XiaolingMausoleum in Nanjing, the rest of the mausoleums were in Beijing. Only JianwenEmperor Zhu Yunwen had no mausoleum. Many tombs of the Ming Dynasty have left uscountless places to watch.

As the remains of Chinese culture, ancient Chinese mausoleums have leftimportant material materials for later generations to study and understandancient Chinese economy and culture. Dear tourist friends, todays visit iscoming to an end. Thank you for your cooperation in my tour guide work. Welcometo visit Ming Xiaoling again!

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篇4:2024南京夫子庙导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 677 字

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“朱雀桥边野草花,乌衣巷口夕阳斜……”这是我小时候对夫子庙的第一认识。

不看不知道,一看吓一跳。如果你是一名旅游爱好者,曾经来过南京,但是没有去过夫子庙,那真是等于白来了!

夫子庙是南京的着名景点,历史悠久。夫子庙靠着秦淮河,秦淮河是南京的母亲河,就像中国的长江与黄河一样。秦淮河上碧波荡漾,波光粼粼,水里不时跃出来可爱的小鱼,坐在夫子庙的画舫上看风景,别有一番滋味。

看夫子庙,一定要在晚上来。这时夫子庙灯火通明,霓虹灯五光十色,把城市的上空找的宛如发生了极光一般,十分华丽,此时此刻,人们也不顾着夜晚的疲惫,都来夫子庙闲逛。饿了?哈哈,没问题!FOLLOE ME!鸭血粉丝汤,鸡汁汤包,羊肉串,不够再去KFC!麦当劳也有!还有南京的臭豆腐等经典小吃……对了!还有盐水鸭!盐水鸭可是南京的特产!欢迎品尝!盐水鸭的其中一种叫桂花鸭,在盐水鸭的层次上精益求精,含着桂花的清香。夫子庙当人不是“二号狮子桥”光是吃,也有许多时尚的商铺任你逛。当然,你的眼球也是不会闲着的,夫子庙是很久以前的一个古建筑,蕴含着老南京风味,那墙壁上的精雕细刻,屋顶的绚丽国花纹,美不胜收。还有,那夜晚的秦淮河也更是美丽,那清澈的水面倒映着繁星点点的夜空,绿树,建筑,还有那五颜六色的灯光,把秦淮河照的五彩缤纷。

到了元宵节,夫子庙更是人山人海,大街小巷里都有卖花灯的小店,有可爱的兔子灯,古老的走马灯、孔明灯。除了花灯,在元宵节那几天里,夫子庙里还有许多的元宵店。元宵有大有小,大的里面有芝麻,小的泡糖水,都十分好吃。

我们相信,不仅视夫子庙,更是南京,这个历史悠久的城市,未来会更加美好!

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篇5:2024南京夫子庙导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 1184 字

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好,我们已到了始建于1168年的江南贡院遗址。江南贡院是专门用来考试的场所,起初规模并不大,只供府、县学考试之用。明初乡试、会试集中在此举行。后贡院规模扩大,待到清朝,正式定名为江南贡院,已经是规模空前,形成东起姚家巷,西至学宫、孔庙,南临秦淮河,北抵建康路的方形整体,其号舍达两万多个,在当时全国贡院中首屈一指。民国之后,贡院冷落,只有明远楼等,作为历史文物被保留下来。

我们现在看到的明远楼,上下三层,四四方方,飞檐出甍,面面皆窗,它本是贡院举行考试期间用来警戒和发号施令之所。如今楼下拱门内保留的明、清和民国年间的石碑,详尽记载了江南贡院的盛衰历史。为有效地保存封建时代科举考场的情景,80年代中期,有关部门在此建立了“江南贡院陈列馆”,复建了以“千字文”命名的部分号舍,陈列了神态各异的应试学子的塑像,供人们参观。同时,游人们还可以亲自体会一下“金榜题名”的古趣。各位朋友,您不想试一试?

游罢夫子庙的主要观光点,我们大概可以把夫子庙的特点归纳为以下两点。

第一,夫子庙是一个庙市合一的活动场所,这是其最大特色,而其他城市的孔庙建筑及其文化氛围通常与商业文明、市井文化相隔离。在夫子庙,一方面是围墙内严谨的文化氛围;另一方面是围墙外、秦淮河两岸充满活力的商业文明,如工艺美术品、小商品、花鸟及现代商场、批销中心,以及业经去其糟粕、取其精华的俗文化,如传统的民风民俗—秦淮灯彩、秦淮风味小吃、云锦工艺、南京白局等,一应俱全,充分体现了夫子庙的繁华和与众不同。学宫、孔庙与市场(东西市等)、俗文化(秦淮民风民俗等)和谐相处,高雅的儒学文化与通俗的市井文化、商业文化相互兼容、共同发展,形成了富有地方特色的秦淮文化。

第二,夫子庙建筑布局中有许多中国之最。如象征南京母亲河—秦淮河的长达110米的高大照壁,是全国最大的;泮池是以天然河道秦淮河的一段改作的,是所有孔庙中独一无二的。由此可知,秦淮河在夫子庙的历史演变过程中的影响是非常重要的。南京夫子庙学宫明德堂的名称在全国也是少有的;大成殿“三宝”—孔子画像、雕像和孔子生平事迹壁画,堪称全国之最。值得一提的是,由于南京夫子庙的与众不同,地方政府和国家旅游局自80年代以来,开发并形成了以夫子庙为中心的秦淮风光带。在东起东水关、西迄西水关的十里秦淮,发掘出那些被历史湮没的秦淮胜迹,如瞻园、白鹭州、中华门城堡以及桃叶渡至镇淮桥一带的秦淮水上游和沿河景观,即所谓的“四点一线”,形成了集山水、园林、市街、河房河厅和民风民俗于一体的综合旅游区。现已布局井然,初具规模,景致独特,美不胜收,成为全国旅游景区四十佳之一。基于此,有关部门还开辟了“夜泊秦淮”水上游旅游线路和陆上游一条线,成为继“湖南路灯光夜市”后又一颗照亮南京一片天空的“夜明珠”,使得夜晚的南京城更显魅力。

各位朋友,夫子庙的游览就到此结束了,感谢大家的支持和合作!

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篇6:2024南京夫子庙导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 9420 字

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Ladies and gentlemen. During yesterdays tour, I arranged for you to visitsuch places of interest as Zhongshan Mausoleum, Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, LingguTemple and the former site of the presidential palace. Today, I will take you toQinhuai River and Confucius Temple. Qinhuai River tourist area is located in thesouth of the old urban area of Nanjing. It takes about 20 minutes to get thereby bus from the urban area. It is a tourist destination with Confucius Temple asthe center, integrating sightseeing, shopping and tasting, displaying the styleand features of the ancient city and ethnic customs.

[origin and historical changes of Qinhuai River]

Qinhuai River is a river that once played an important role in thepolitical, economic and cultural development of the ancient city of Nanjing. Itis said that the Qinhuai River is an artificial canal ordered by the firstemperor of Qin Dynasty. When the first emperor of Qin Dynasty visited Kuaiji inthe East, in order to facilitate the navigation of ships, he ordered to digFangshan to connect the Huaihe River with the Yangtze River. However, accordingto geological investigation, Qinhuai River is a natural river with a longhistory. At that time, the ancient river did pass through Fangshan. However, dueto geographical changes, the river changed its course and gradually formed thepresent river. The Qinhuai River in history has a wide channel. Since Yangxingmi, king of Wu in the Five Dynasties, built the stone city in the area ofchangganqiao, the river began to narrow and was divided into the inner and outerQinhuai River. The Inner Qinhuai River flows from the city of dongshuiguan,through the Confucius Temple, and then from the city of xishuiguan in the southof Shuiximen to join the outer Qinhuai River. The total length of the river is10 kilometers. This is the "Ten Mile Qinhuai River" that has been praised andvisited by countless scholars and scholars since ancient times. Li Bai, Liu Yuxiand Du Mu, the great poets of Tang Dynasty, wrote poems for her. Kong ShangrensPeach Blossom Fan and Wu Jingyangs scholars also vividly described the "ten liQinhuai River".

Compared with the Yangtze River, which flows through the north of NanjingCity, the ancient Qinhuai River is very small, but it is closely related to thebirth and development of Nanjing City, as well as the political, economic andcultural development of Nanjing area. As early as five or six thousand years agoin the Neolithic age, there have been human reproduction. So far, as many as 50or 60 relics of primitive villages have been found along both sides of theriver. In the Six Dynasties and the early Ming Dynasty, the feudal court alwaysregarded it as a natural barrier for the capital and a natural passage for theimperial palace. After the establishment of the capital Jianye (Nanjing), SunQuan of the eastern Wu Dynasty used to make "gate ponds" on both sides of theQinhuai River, which could not only resist the enemy, but also prevent floods.Since the Six Dynasties, both sides of the Qinhuai River in the area ofConfucius Temple have been prosperous places with dense residents and connectedmarkets. The Qinhuai River has served as the main channel for foreign trade inNanjing, with boats and boats shuttling through the river. It is said that inthe old days, there were many song houses and restaurants on both sides of theQinhuai River, the river houses and water pavilions were full of splendor, theyacht paintings were well lighted, and the rich and noble lived a life ofpleasure and money. The working people, especially the vast number of women, hada good taste of the bitterness of the world. At that time, prostitutes inNanjing were mostly concentrated on both sides of the Qinhuai River. LiXiangjun, a famous prostitute who is not afraid of power and nobility, isdescribed in Peach Blossom Fan by Kong Shangren, a dramatist in Qing Dynasty.She lives by wendeqiao on the South Bank of Qinhuai River.

The beautiful Qinhuai River once flowed the loneliness of the wild age, theprosperity and extravagance since the Six Dynasties, the dirt of the oldsociety, the blood and tears of the working people, and even the blood of theNanjing Massacre. However, todays Qinhuai River, after the precipitation ofhistory and the transformation of the people, has exuded the fragrance of healthand civilization, showing a clear and moving style. It is the witness ofNanjings history. No wonder people used to take "Qinhuai" as the pronoun ofNanjing.

[Qinhuai boat - Banchi - Zhaobi of Confucius Temple - Square in front ofthe temple - Lingxing gate]

Ladies and gentlemen: now we come to the Bank of the Qinhuai River. Thepainted defenses in the river are all made in the style of Ming Dynastyarchitecture, with big red balls and red lanterns hanging on the bow. Wheneverthe Lantern Festival, Nanjing people used to come here to enjoy the lights. Itis said that after the establishment of the capital of Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanjinpaid a visit to the capital. When he came to the Bank of the Qinhuai River, hesaw trees on both sides of the river, clear water, pavilions and pleasantscenery. He said casually, "Im sorry for the lack of boats in the river." Whenthe emperor opened the golden gate, he sent people all night to build the boatin order to win the favor of the emperor. Since then, Qinhuai painting hasbecome a major feature here. Especially in the Mid Autumn Festival, tens ofthousands of lanterns are in full bloom on the river, and dragon lanterns aredancing on both sides of the river. Songs, drums, cheers and laughter arecontinuous all night. It can be said that "Qinhuai is the best in the world". Nowonder there is a folk saying in Nanjing that "every family walks on the bridge,everyone looks at the light".

This section of Qinhuai River in front of us has become a Confucius Temple(Confucius Temple) and panchi since the Song Dynasty, also known as crescentmoon. In ancient times, the Imperial Academy was called Biyong, and the princesAcademy was called Pangong. The Confucius Temple Academy was equivalent to theplace where the princes gave lectures, so this pool was called "panchi".Generally, there are three stone bridges built on panchi. According to thegrade, county officials and students take the middle one, and scholars take thebridges on both sides. It is said that in ancient times, a scholar mistakenlywent to Zhongqiao. He was in a dilemma and had to jump into panchi byhimself.

Please look at a section of vermilion stone brick wall on the other side ofthe river. This is the screen wall of Confucius Temple. Zhaobi was built in thethird year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (Li Ze Nian), 110 meters long, which isthe highest Zhaobi in the whole family. Ladies and gentlemen, this ConfuciusTemple was built in 337, the third year of emperor chengdi of the Eastern JinDynasty. At that time, Emperor chengdi adopted the advice of Wang Dao: "thecultivation of talents is the most important thing in governing the country",and decided to establish the University on the Bank of Qinhuai river. In thefirst year of Jingpai (1034), the Confucius Temple was built on the basis ofXuefu. Therefore, Confucius Temple is a bustling city evolved from a culturaland educational center. It includes three main buildings: Confucius Temple,Academy and Gongyuan. Its scope is adjacent to the North Bank of Qinhuai Riverin the south, the east end of Jiankang road in the north, Yaojia Lane in theEast and Sifu Lane in the West. Although the Confucius Temple was destroyed manytimes, it was built and expanded in different dynasties. By the end of the QingDynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, the structure and layout ofits pavilions and temples were the best in the southeast. The present ConfuciusTemple is partly rebuilt in the late Qing Dynasty and partly rebuilt in recentyears. Please look back. This pavilion style building is called KuixingPavilion. It was first built in Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty. The waterfrontbuilding was destroyed twice and rebuilt in 1985.

Now we come to the square in front of the temple opened up in the QingDynasty. There are two steles standing at the East and West ends of the square,about one foot high, on which are engraved two words in Manchu and Chinese:"Minister of culture and military dismounts here", which shows respect for thesage Confucius. The pavilion with six corners and double eaves on the left iscalled "star gathering Pavilion", which means that all the stars areconcentrated and talents are gathered. It was built in the 14th year of Wanli inthe Ming Dynasty (1586), but it was not rebuilt until the 8th year of Tongzhi inthe Qing Dynasty (1869). This is the only Qing Dynasty building that survivedthe Japanese artillery fire. Unfortunately, it was demolished as "four old" in1968 and rebuilt in 1983, restoring its original style. The memorial archway inthe middle of the square is called "Tianxia Wenshu archway". Please continue tofollow me. This gate is called Lingxing gate, which is the gate of ConfuciusTemple. It is said that TA Xing is the star in charge of education in the sky.He is convenient and happy. The gate is a stone structure with six columns andthree gates. It was built in 1480, the 16th year of Chenghua in the MingDynasty. It was later destroyed and rebuilt in 1870. However, the polar gate wesee now was rebuilt in 1983. The East and west sides of the gate are the Eastand West markets.

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篇7:南京概况导游词俄语

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 2571 字

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конфуций сказал: "есть друзья, приехавшие издалека, это не радость", преждевсего позвольте мне от имени китайского туристического агентства нанкина горячоприветствовать вас в нанкине туризма. Моя фамилия ван, наш гид. Я считаю зачесть сделать экскурсию для вас, я и водитель Ван Шифу обязательно служить вам,постарайтесь удовлетворить ваши требования, помочь вам решить проблемы итрудности, чтобы вы наслаждались радостью и вернуться домой. надеюсь, благодарямоей презентации, старый и красивый нанкин произвел на вас незабываемоевпечатление. желаю вам приятного путешествия!

А теперь я хотел бы кратко познакомить вас с нанкином. нанкин, известныйкак нин, находится на юго - западе провинции цзянсу, находится в золотом поясенижнего течения реки янцзы, пересекая обе стороны реки Янцзы. город нанкинплощадь около 6 597 квадратных километров, население около 8 миллионов человек,11 районов и 2 предместья, является политическим, экономическим и культурнымцентром провинции. климат субтропический, круглый год четко, идеальное место длятуризма.

нанкин имеет долгую историю, является одной из четырех древних столиц нашейстраны. всегда существовала "провинция цзяаньнань, царства цзиньлин". с 472 - гогода до нашей эры, когда Вьетнам начал осуществлять строительство "Вьентьяна",более 2400 лет была построена история города. История официально построена внанкине с востока у сунь чжунмоу, а затем и восточные Цзинь, Сун, ци, лян и Чэньпостроили здесь. Поэтому нанкин имеет название "шесть древних столиц". С тех порздесь были построены южная тан, тайпинская армия небесного государства,Китайская Республика, поэтому нанкин сказал "Десять династий".

сегодня, в условиях реформы и открытости, нанкинская экономика находится вподъеме, нанкин туризма активно развиваются, Нанкин стал комплекснойпромышленной базой на востоке страны, Основными отраслями промышленностиявляются: электроника, автомобильная промышленность, нефтехимия, металлургия,электроэнергетика. нанкин увеличивает инфраструктуру города, улучшает условиядля иностранных инвестиций в Нанкине. нанкин является также национальный паркгорода, лучший туристический город, национальный город здравоохранения и такдалее. в нанкине есть более двух сотен туристических достопримечательностей,привлекающих туристов из разных стран и за их пределами. нанкин. городхарактеризуется серией "люди и зелень" как единое целое. Поэтому нанкин станетболее динамичным и культурным развитием, более яркими культурными особенностями,более красивой, более гармоничной в социальном отношении современноймеждународной гуманитарной зелени.

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篇8:南京海洋馆导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 560 字

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一进海底世界的大门,首页映入眼帘的是一直巨大的鲸鱼的标本,这只鲸鱼油2米宽,3米长,一看到这只鲸鱼标本,我就想到人们肯定费了不少劲,捉住它,并把它制成标本。我们大家又迫不及待地进入了下一个展厅。这里的水族箱内,五彩斑斓的鱼自由自在地游来游去。“小丑炮弹”和“炮弹鱼”厥着嘴巴,鱼鳍一抖一抖,十分笨拙。“魔鬼刀”乌黑乌黑,身体扁扁的,从头到尾,越来越窄,尾巴尖尖的,整个身体就像一把可怕的魔鬼刀。电鳗对我们虎视眈眈,好像要发出高压电流,把我们通通赶走。

不知不觉,我们来到了另一个展厅我们的眼睛忙极了。一条条不知名的鱼在我们眼前游泳,无忧无虑。

下一个展览馆里有什么动物呢?我们好奇地走了进去,原来,这里是企鹅馆。你瞧,那一只只远道而来的小家伙,似乎已经适应了这里的生活,自由自在地玩耍着。继续前进,我们来到一个小展厅,别看这里小,却又奇特的海生动物——鲨。鲨很有用,它的肉可以吃。鲨的形状很有趣,硬硬的壳,一对小眼睛,甲壳两边长着许多小刺,还有一条尖尖的笔直的长尾巴。

要进模拟的海底走廊了,我第一个进去,只见小鱼成群从我们身边有过,鲨鱼不时从我们头顶掠过,海龟背着厚厚的盔甲,扇着已经退化的四肢在水中漫游。不多一会儿我们走出了长廊,我真想在看看海底走廊,可是时间有限,我们只能依依不舍地踏上归程。

再见了,美丽的南京海底世界。

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篇9:南京夫子庙导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 1386 字

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走过棂星门,便是孔庙的正门,叫大成门,也叫戟门。门内侧有石碑四块。第一块是《孔子问礼图碑》,刻于南朝齐永明二年(484年)。记载了春秋末年奴隶制衰亡之际,孔子出于对周王朝礼乐制度的崇拜,抱着兴国安邦、济世访贤的愿望,于鲁昭公二十四年(公元前518年),从家乡曲阜去周王城洛阳考察典章制度,寻求巩固鲁国奴隶主政权办法的经历。碑的上半部有"孔子问礼图,吴敬恒题"的题字。图中是二人驾车,一组身穿古装人物在城门前欢迎的场面,还有"永明二年,孔子在鲁人周门礼周流"的字样。这块碑已有1500多年的历史了,图文仍清晰可辨,是难得的珍贵文物。第二块碑是《集庆孔庙碑》,碑文是元朝至大二年(1309年)重建孔庙时由卢挚撰写的,到元至顺元年(1330年),由纯斋王公书写刻石。第三块碑是《封四氏碑》,讲的是元至顺二年,文宗皇帝诏示:加封颜回、曾参(孔子的两个弟子)、孔极(孔子的孙子)、孟轲(孔子的再传弟子)为四亚圣之事。第四块碑是《封至圣夫人碑》,讲的是元至顺二年(1331年),文宗皇帝颁旨加封孔子之妻为至圣夫人之事。庙院两侧是碑廊(原来是供奉孔门七十二贤人牌位的地方),廊内陈列了当代书法名家的碑刻30块。现在,请大家随我从中间的石雨道走。在进大成殿前,我先给大家介绍一下殿前的这个露天台子,这是祭祀和歌舞的地方。古时每年二月、八月的第一个丁日和孔子诞辰这一天(农历八月二十七日),地方官吏都要在孔庙举行盛大的祭扫活动。祭祀采用的是酉周奴隶主祭天地鬼神的礼仪,在大成殿前摆上仿青铜器做的祭器,上供牛2头、猪16头、羊16头,以及大量布帛菽粟、干鲜果品、香纸蜡烛等。主祭人要穿特制的古装祭服,宣读祭文,向孔子及"四配"(孔子高徒)、"十二哲"(孔家子弟)牌位行三拜九叩礼,还配有乐队和舞队表演,以歌颂孔子,所以大成殿前要设舞台。现在请各位游客随我进人孔庙主殿--大成殿。这是一座气势巍峨,重檐庑殿顶,屋脊中央有双龙戏珠立雕的建筑。这种规格的建筑在全国也是屈指可数的。"大成"意思是孔子集古圣先贤思想之大成。大成殿内原先正中供奉的是孔子和他的四位高徒,两旁是孔家子弟塑像十二尊。现在的大成殿已被辟为"南京乡土文化博物馆"。请大家再往前走,这里便是夫子庙的学宫。门楣上方原来有"学宫"匾额,门外柏木牌坊,牌坊上题有"东南第一学"。牌坊的北面是四周围有木栏的花圃,左右有四书斋,是学子自修读书的地方。这四斋名称分别是"志道"、"据德"、"依仁"、"游艺"。后面是明德堂,这座建筑建于南宋绍兴九年(1139年),堂名为文天祥所书。明德堂是学子集会的地方,每月朔望(农历初一和十五)朝圣后,学子在此集会,训导师宣讲圣教和上谕。东墙有"卧碑",就是训教的法规。左右横梁上悬挂着江宁府所属六县举贡员生题额。我们眼前的这座建筑是梨香阁,原来是祭祀孔子父母的崇圣祠,现改为游乐场了。东面那座建筑是青云楼,它建于明万历十四年(1586年),是供把历代督学使的祠堂,初建时为三层楼,因为临近贡院,为防止有人从楼上偷看贡院,清代时改建成二层楼,上层用作藏书,下层是阅览室。清末废除科举后,改为小学,民国初年改为江宁县教育会,抗战时被用作开茶馆、歌场,战后曾先后作为民众教育馆和南京市通志馆。这也是旧学宫保留下来的为数不多的建筑之一。各位游客:参观完学宫建筑后,我们再去参观一下夫子庙的另一座古建筑群--贡院。

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篇10:南京海洋馆导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 399 字

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海洋馆是曲江海洋世界项目的核心工程。来曲江海洋极地公园,观看海洋生物和它们的各种表演。在海洋馆内,能够观赏到有美丽的热带鱼和鳄鱼表演和人鱼表演;极地馆每天下午有精彩的表演,能看到海豚表演顶球、跳圈以及和驯兽师一起表演火箭飞人等高难度动作。

海洋馆除了观赏热带鱼类,还能看到娃娃鱼等两栖动物。这里的海底隧道是欣赏海洋生物的最佳点,漫步其间,犹如置身海底,色彩斑斓的鱼群在头顶游过。馆内还有各种表演可以看,除了鳄鱼表演要收费外,其他都是免费的。

极地馆主要展览极地生物,共有两层,一楼可以看动物在水下的生活状态,二楼可以看它们在陆地上的生活状态,像企鹅、海豹、北极熊等,都是既会在水下游泳,又会上岸嬉戏的。馆内还有极地探险号模拟船体,在工作员的指导下可以与白鲸、海豚亲密接触。

海洋馆中的水手餐厅有卖吃的,价格偏贵。礼品区有海洋相关纪念品出售。海洋馆外有不少付费游乐设施,比如“鬼谷客栈”鬼屋,参考价30元。

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篇11:2024南京夫子庙导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 912 字

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秦淮河,是一条曾对古城南京的政治、经济、文化发展起过重要作用的河流。相传秦淮河是秦始皇下令开凿的一条人工运河。秦始皇东巡会稽,经过南京时,为方便船只行驶,曾下令开凿方山,使淮水与长江沟通,因而这段河道得名"秦淮河"。但据地质考察证明,秦淮河是一条历史悠久的天然河流,当时这条古老的河流确是曾从方山经过,但由于地理变迁,河流改道,逐渐形成了现在的河道。历史上的秦淮河,河道宽绰。自五代吴王杨行密在长干桥一带筑石头城以后,河道开始变窄,并被分隔成内、外"秦淮"。内秦淮河由东水关人城,经夫子庙,再由水西门南的西水关出城与外秦淮河汇合。河流全长10公里,这就是古往今来令无数文人墨客为之赞美倾倒、寻迹访踪的"十里秦淮"了。唐朝大诗人李白、刘禹锡、杜牧等都曾为她写下诗篇,孔尚任的《桃花扇》和吴敬样的《儒林外史》中,也都对"十里秦淮"有过生动的描写。古老的秦淮河与流经南京城北的长江相比,显得十分渺小,但是它与南京城的诞生、发展,以及南京地区的政治、经济、文化发展有着极其密切的关系。早在五六千年前的新石器时代,这里已有人类繁衍生息。迄今为止,沿河两岸发现的原始村落遗迹多达五六十处。六朝和明初封建朝廷一直把它作为都城的一道天然屏障和皇宫所需的天然通道。东吴孙权定都建业(南京)后,曾在秦淮河两岸作"栅塘",既可御敌,又可防洪。从六朝时起,夫子庙一带的秦淮河两岸已是居民密集、市井相连的繁华之地,秦淮河充当了南京地区对外贸易的主要航道,河中舟船穿梭,一派繁荣。据说,旧时的秦淮河两岸歌楼酒肆林立,河房水阁争奇斗艳,游艇画防灯火通明,富豪贵族在这里过着寻欢作乐、纸醉金迷的生活,劳动人民,特别是广大妇女却是以泪洗面,饱尝了人间的辛酸。那时南京的妓·女大多集中在秦淮河两岸。清代戏剧家孔尚任在《桃花扇》中描写的不畏权贵的名妓李香君,她就居住在秦淮河南岸的文德桥畔。美丽的秦淮河曾流淌过蛮荒时代的寂寞,六朝以来的繁华和奢靡,旧社会的污垢和劳动人民的血泪,甚至还溶有南京大屠杀的血腥。然而,今天的秦淮河,经过了历史的沉淀和人民的改造,已散发着健康文明的馨香,展现了清澈动人的风姿。它是南京历史的见证,难怪人们惯于把"秦淮"当作南京的代名词。

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篇12:精选江苏南京夫子庙导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 2720 字

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"Lherbe sauvage près du pont zhuque, le coucher de soleil à lentrée de laruelle Wuyi..."Cétait ma première connaissance du temple Confucius quandjétais enfant.

Je ne sais pas, jai peur.Si vous êtes un touriste, vous êtes déjà venu àNanjing, mais vous nêtes pas allé au temple Confucius, cest vraimentblanc!

Le temple Confucius est un lieu pittoresque célèbre à Nanjing avec unelongue histoire.Le temple Confucius sappuie sur la rivière Qinhuai, qui est laRivière mère de Nanjing, tout comme la rivière Yangtze et la rivière jaune rivière Qinhuai est bordée de vagues bleues et scintillantes. De tempsen temps, de jolis petits poissons sautent de leau. Asseyez - vous sur lebateau de peinture du temple Confucius et regardez le paysage. Il ny a pas dego?t.

Pour voir le temple du ma?tre, venez la nuit.? ce moment - là, le templeConfucius était lumineux et lumineux avec des néons colorés. Il semblait quelaurore sétait produite au - dessus de la ville. Il était magnifique. En cemoment, les gens sont venus au temple Confucius pour errer malgré la fatigue dela nuit.Faim? Ha ha ha, pas de problème! Folloe me! Soupe de vermicelles de sangde canard, sac de soupe de jus de poulet, kebabs dagneau, pas assez pour KFC!McDonalds aussi! Et des collations classiques comme le tofu puant deNanjing...Oui! Et le canard deau salée! Le canard deau salée est unespécialité de Nanjing! Bienvenue à déguster! Lun des canards deau salée est lecanard osmanthus, qui est raffiné au niveau du Canard d deau salée et contientlodeur douce de losmanthus.Le temple Confucius quand les gens ne sont pas "lepont lion n° 2" juste manger, il ya aussi beaucoup de magasins à la mode pourvous.Bien s?r, vos yeux ne seront pas oisifs, le temple Confucius est un ancienb?timent il y a longtemps, contient la saveur de lancien Nanjing, les murs dela sculpture fine, le toit des motifs nationaux magnifiques, ne peut pas êtrebeau.De plus, la rivière Qinhuai était plus belle cette nuit - là, et leauclaire reflétait le ciel étoilé, les arbres verts, les b?timents et les lumièrescolorées qui illuminaient la rivière Qinhuai.

Au festival des lanternes, le temple Confucius est encore plus bondé degens. Il y a de petits magasins vendant des Lanternes dans les rues et lesruelles. Il y a de belles lanternes de lapin, des Lanternes de cheval ancienneset des Lanternes de Confucius.En plus des lanternes, il y a beaucoup de magasinsde lanternes dans le temple du ma?tre pendant les jours du Festival deslanternes.Les lanternes sont grandes et petites, les grandes contiennent dusésame, les petites bulles deau sucrée, sont très savoureuses.

Nous croyons que non seulement le temple Confucius, mais aussi Nanjing,cette ville historique, lavenir sera plus beau!

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篇13:2024南京夫子庙导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 14678 字

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Hello, everyone! Today we are going to visit the Confucius Temple on theBank of Qinhuai River. Speaking of Confucius Temple, we have to talk aboutQinhuai River, the mother river of Nanjing people. Qinhuai River, also known ashuaishui, Xiaojiang and longzangpu, is the ancient origin of Nanjing culture. Itenters the city from dongshuiguan and leaves the city from xishuiguan. It flowsthrough the section about ten li in front of the Confucius Temple, so it iscalled "ten li Qinhuai". From ancient times to the present, both sides of theQinhuai River are a prosperous scene. Du Mus poem in the Tang Dynasty says:"smoke cage, cold water cage, sand cage, Night Mooring Qinhuai near therestaurant. Business women do not know the hatred of national subjugation, butthey still sing "the flowers in the back court" across the river. Afterliberation, with the vigorous construction of Nanjing municipal government,todays ten mile Qinhuai River has become a national 5A scenic spot showing theunique style of Jiangnan.

The Confucius Temple consists of Confucius Temple, Academy and Gongyuan. Inthe Eastern Jin Dynasty, the imperial court built the Academy here; in the SongDynasty, the Confucius Temple was expanded on the former site of the Academy; inthe Southern Song Dynasty, the imperial examination hall Gongyuan was opened.However, the Confucius Temple was destroyed and built five times in history. Thelast one was destroyed in 1937 by the Japanese invaders. Todays ConfuciusTemple was rebuilt after 1984.

Temple Square (2 minutes)

Dear tourists, now we come to the square in front of the Confucius Temple.The integration of temple and market is one of the most remarkablecharacteristics of Confucius Temple. The square is a temple in the verticaldirection and a city in the horizontal direction. The temple and market areintegrated into a unique atmosphere. The red wall behind you is called Zhaobi,which has the functions of shielding, avoiding evil spirits and decoration. Itis 110 meters long and is the largest in China. The semicircular pool in frontof Zhaobi is called panchi. In ancient times, the place where the emperorlectured was called Biyong, the school palace where the princes lectured wascalled panchi, and the school palace of Confucius Temple was equivalent to theplace where the princes lectured. Therefore, this pool is called panchi. Thebridge on the west side of panchi is called Wende bridge, which is named for theConfucian advocating the moral of writing. Because the direction of the bridgeis consistent with the meridian, it is cultivated every year Around the 15th dayof November, the reflection of the bright moon in the sky will be divided intotwo parts by the shadow of the bridge. This spectacle is called "Wende dividingthe moon". There is a star gathering Pavilion on the west side of Wende BridgeSquare, which means "stars gather, talents gather". Facing this large archway,it is the "world Wenshu archway". The shape is four pillars and three doors,which means that it is the center of world culture. There is Kuixing Pavilion onthe south side of the archway. In ancient times, it was said that Kuixing was asign of prosperity of literature and also a symbol of winning the first place inthe imperial examination. Therefore, Kuixing was regarded as a God by studentsof all ages. In the north of the square is the Lingxing gate. It is said thatthe Lingxing gate is the cultural star in the sky and the star cluster in chargeof education. The reason for its name is that it means that the scholars of theworld gather here.

Dachengmen, terrace (1 minute)

Dacheng gate is the main gate of Dacheng hall and the main gate ofConfucius Temple. In the ancient feudal hierarchy, only officials could go inand out from Dacheng gate, while ordinary scholars could only go in and out fromthe side gate. Two big characters, Li and Ren, are engraved on the walls on bothsides behind the door, which are the core of Confucius thought and his lifelonggoal. Behind the Dacheng gate and in front of the Dacheng hall, there is acorridor. On both sides of the corridor, there are eight of the twelve studentsof Confucius. They are all carved from white jade of Han Dynasty. They are minsang, ran Geng, ran Qiu, Duanmu Ci, ran Yong, Zai Yu, Yan Yan Yan and Zhong you.At the end of the corridor is a terrace, which is 1.4 meters high, 21.8 meterslong from east to west, and 14 meters wide from north to south. It is surroundedby stone railings. In front of the terrace are two dragon play pearls and Danbistones, and on both sides are stone lamps. The terrace is a place for sacrifice,singing and dancing. In the middle of the terrace is a bronze statue ofConfucius. In front of the bronze statue is an iron censer, engraved with thetitle of "supreme saint and forerunner". With a height of 4.18 meters and aweight of 2.37 tons, the bronze statue is the largest one in the Confuciantemples in China. On both sides of the terrace, there used to be two verandahs,which were used to worship the memorial tablets of the 72 sages of Confucius andto store sacrificial, ceremonial and dancing utensils. Now they are reduced tosmall two verandahs and changed into stele corridors. There are more than 30steles with ink marks of famous calligraphers such as Zhao Puchu, Lin Sanzhi andWu Zhongqi for tourists to enjoy.

Dacheng Hall (2 minutes)

Dacheng hall is the landmark of Confucius Temple, 16.22 meters high, 27.3meters wide and 27.9 meters deep. The words "Dacheng hall" are written on thesea blue vertical plaque under the front eaves. There is a standing sculpture oftwo dragons playing with pearls on the roof of Dacheng hall, which is the firstof its kind in China. The light and beautiful style of the roof covered withgreen tiles is obviously different from that of the northern Confucius Templewith yellow glazed tiles. It is more easygoing and popular, which is one of themanifestations of Nanjing Confucius Temple closer to folk culture. In the centerof the hall, there is the largest portrait of Confucius in China. On the top ofthe portrait are three plaques, all of which are written by emperors of pastdynasties. They are "model of the world" by Kangxi, "with heaven and earth" byQianlong, and "Si Wen Zai Zi" by Guangxu. In front of the portrait stand fourstudents of Confucius, namely Mencius, Kongji, Zengshen and Yanhui. In front ofthe portrait are ancient musical instruments such as Qin, guzheng and drum. Onthe walls around, there are 38 inlaid murals reflecting Confucius life anddeeds, which are "the picture of Confucius miracles", carved by 200 craftsmenin Yueqing, Zhejiang Province, using famous jade, chicken blood jelly, Shoushanstone, gold, jewelry and other precious ornaments from Zhejiang, Fujian, InnerMongolia, Guangdong, Guangxi and other places. The total investment is 5.8million yuan, and the current value is more than 100 million yuan The 38 muralsare: the picture of the holy trace, the preface of the title, the prayer ofNishan, the book of Qilin jade, the two dragons and five elders, etc.

Inscriptions (1 minute)

From Dacheng hall, the ancient well on the right is Yutu spring. Accordingto records, Yutu spring was discovered and excavated by Qin Hui. Beside thespring stands the stele of raising money for imperial examinations, whichrecords the history of Li Hongzhang and Zuo Zongtangs donation of examineesfees to Beijing in the period of Liangjiang governor. On the other side, thereare four steles, the most famous of which is the stele of Confucius asking forrites, which was carved in the Southern Dynasty. It records the story ofConfucius seeking for rites from Laozi in Luoyang, the city where the emperorlived from the state of Lu to the state of Zhou, when slavery was about tocollapse at the end of the spring and Autumn period. In addition, it is the onlythree steles in Nanjing, namely, the stele of Jiqing Confucius Temple and thestele of fengzhishengfu The stele of man and the stele of FengSi.

A school: school gate (30 seconds), Mingde Hall (1 minute 30 seconds),Zunjing Pavilion and its surroundings (1 minute)

The academy is located in the rear of Dacheng hall. It is inscribed on thelintel of the gate in the south by Zeng Guofan, and on the lintel of the gate inthe north by Qin Dashi, the number one scholar in the southeast. Entering thegate of the Academy, you can see a bell and a drum standing in the two pavilionson the left and right. On the forehead of the pavilions are the words "Xi Li"and "Yang Sheng", which were used by scholars to worship Confucius in ancienttimes.

Facing the gate of the school is Mingde hall, whose name is inscribed byWen Tianxiang. Mingde hall is the place where students gather. After thepilgrimage every month, students gather here to teach their tutors to preach theholy doctrine and the imperial edict, so as to cultivate their loyalty andpatriotism. Ming De Tang was originally named "Ming Lun Tang". When the yuanarmy was about to conquer Nanjing, Wen Tianxiang changed "Ming Lun Tang" to"Ming De Tang" by hand in order to show his determination to die rather thansurrender and his ambition to serve the country and the people.

The Zunjing Pavilion behind Mingde hall is three stories high, with doubleeaves and T-shaped ridges on the top of the mountain. It was a lecture hallwhere Confucian classics were stored and lectures were given. Now it is a museumof folk customs. Standing side by side with Zunjing pavilion are Chongshengtemple and Qingyun tower. Zunjing academy is divided into two sides behindZunjing Pavilion. Chongsheng temple was originally dedicated to Confuciusancestors, but now it is pear garden. Qingyun building was changed into alibrary in the Qing Dynasty. Zunjing academy is a place for lectures, which isequivalent to the present classroom. The small highland behind Zunjing Pavilionis called Weishan, with Jingyi pavilion built. The so-called "Jingyi" is thedevotion to Confucianism.

Other (1 minute)

Ladies and gentlemen, the Confucius Temple is prosperous during the day,and the Confucius Temple at night is even more colorful! As early as thenorthern and Southern Dynasties, there was a Jinling Lantern Festival on theQinhuai River, and it reached its peak in the Ming Dynasty. The Qinhuai River inthe sound of oars and lights is unique in the world. Todays Confucius Templefollows the Huizhou architectural style of "blue brick, small tile, horse headwall, cloister with falling flowers and windows". When tourists come here, theycan not only appreciate the traditional culture, but also taste the uniqueQinhuai snacks, explore the legend of Qinhuai Bayan, enjoy the scenery on bothsides of the Strait by Qinhuai boat, or explore the traces of celebrities suchas Wuyi lane, former residence of Wang Dao xiean and former residence of LiXiangjun. This is the end of my explanation. Thank you!

B Gongyuan front street, Mingyuan building (1 minute 30 seconds)

Now we come to the front street of Gongyuan. There are six statues standingin the street. They are all talented people from all dynasties. They are TangYin, Wu Chengen, Zheng Banqiao, Wu Jingzi, Lin Zexu and Zhang Jian. On the eastside of the sculpture, there are 11 stone tablets, which record the rise andfall of the Gongyuan, as well as the praise, evaluation and chanting ofemperors, ministers and celebrities. In front of the front street is theGongyuan, on which there are couplets inscribed by Li Yu. It was built in theSouthern Song Dynasty and is specially used for holding imperial examinations.At first, the number of examinees was small and the scale was not large. It wasonly used for the examination of government and county schools. When the numberof examinees increased, it even needed to borrow temples as temporaryexamination rooms. In the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, the Gongyuan wasrebuilt. Later, the scale of Nanjing Gongyuan continued to expand. When it wasofficially named "Jiangnan Gongyuan" in the Qing Dynasty, it reached anunprecedented trend, starting from yaojiaxiang in the East, In the west, thereare more than 20000 houses, bordering on the Qinhuai River in the South andJiankang road in the north. After the Republic of China, Gongyuan was neglected.Until today, only Mingyuan building has been preserved as a historical relic.Mingyuan building was used for warning and giving orders in the past imperialexaminations. In the arch on the first floor, there are stone tablets of Ming,Qing and Republic of China, which record the rise and fall of Jiangnan Gongyuanin detail and effectively preserve the scene of imperial examination hall infeudal times. In the 1980s, the relevant departments established "JiangnanGongyuan exhibition hall" here.

Dormitory (1 minute)

Now more than 40 houses have been restored in Gongyuan. In the order ofthousand characters, the houses are 6 feet high, 4 feet deep and 3 feet wide,with an area of no more than 1.5 square meters. There are only two boards ondisplay. Examinees have to stay in it for 9 days and have three exams. Eating,drinking and sleeping are all here. During the day, they answer questions on thechopping board, and at night, they close their clothes and sleep on the choppingboard. We can imagine the hardships of the examination in those years. In thewest side of Gongyuan, wax figures were used to show the examinees attitudes.In the east side was the tourist experience area. Interested friends canexperience it.

To court (1 minute 30 seconds)

The imperial examination began in the Sui and Tang Dynasties and ended inthe late Qing Dynasty, which lasted for 1300 years. In the Ming and QingDynasties, it gradually formed four levels of examination, namely, childrensexamination, rural examination, general examination and palace examination. The"Zhigong hall" you can see in front of you used to be the public land run by theexaminers. The word "Zhigong" means "fair, just and equal". Now it is theimperial examination exhibition room, which is divided into three exhibitionhalls: East, West and East. In the middle of the exhibition hall is the imperialexamination culture exhibition room, in which there is a sculpture of Kuixingsfighting and monopolizing the first place. The horizontal shape next to it showsthe situation of No Its often spectacular. The pictures and materials on thewalls around introduce the origin and development of Chinas imperialexamination system. The number one scholar hall on the east side displays a listof the number one scholar in China. On the west side is the hall of fame, whichdisplays celebrities related to Jiangnan Gongyuan, as well as some pictures andmaterials related to the imperial examination.

This concludes the explanation of Confucius Temple. Thank you!

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篇14:南京概况导游词俄语

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 6775 字

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Туристы: здравствуйте, добро пожаловать в нанкин, экскурсия. с самогоначала, должно быть, все хотят узнать этот город. Позвольте мне представитьвас.

нанкин, известный как нин, находится в богатой дельте реки янцзы, на севереграничит с обширной равниной реки Хуайхэ, провинция Цзянсу. площадь городасоставляет 6 597 кв. км, 11 районов центрального подчинения, население 5,45 млн.в том числе, площадь города около 881 квадратных километров, население более 2,7миллиона человек, является одним из 10 крупных китайских городов.

Нанкин - географически отличный, уникальный город. Он с трех сторон окружилгору и, глядя на воду, душил реку янцзы. на востоке и на юге - горы нин, главнымобразом горы цзыцзиньшань (чжуншань), в качестве барьера, к западу от горыцзыцзинь есть богатые горы, пять горных и каменных гор (прохладные горы) ит.д.на северо - западе река янцзы протекает. как внутри города и за его пределами,так и за его пределами, много небольших холмов, озеро соединено, можно сказать,что горы вокруг воды, рельеф очень трудно, исторически для воинов необходимобороться за землю, всегда есть "гора лун, Каменный город тигра" называют.

нанкин является еще одним исторически известным культурным городом, однимиз семи древних столиц нашей страны, город был построен более 2400 лет. первыегородские пруды были построены в 472 году до нашей эры после того, как корольВьетнама начал истреблять у. в 356 году до нашей эры княжество Чу былоуничтожено, и царь цувэй построил город на каменной горе. легенда о том, чтоцарь чу вэй, чтобы увидеть нанкин географическая ситуация опасна, опасаясь, чтокто - то впоследствии здесь будет называться царем, он похоронил золото насеверной стороне реки льва горы, чтобы подавить дыхание, известный как"цзиньлин", с тех пор нанкин также называют "золотой холм". три династии дун у,два династии Цзинь, Дунцзинь, Северная и Южная династия Сун, ци, лян и Чэнь былипостроены в Нанкине, это "шесть древних столиц". Впоследствии Наньцзин,Наньцзин, пять династий, Наньцзин, тайпин Тяньгун и Китайская Республика такжестали "столицей 10 династий".

нанкин имеет много названий, исторически сложилось в таких областях, какцзиньлин, строительство, строительство, строительство, гаолян Линь, белый, шэн,Цзяннин, цицин, тяньцзинь и другие, такие, как цзиньлин, строительствоблагосостояния до сих пор используется как название Нанкина. Что касаетсянанкина, известного в начале династии мин, чжу юаньцзин, Минский тайцзу, в 1368году в Нанкине, когда нанкин назвал Тяньфу. Чжу юань Чжанчжоу планировалперевести город в открытый город, переименовал его в пекин, по названию Тяньфунаньцзинь, после чего страна, хотя и не переехала, но название ? нанкин? былосохранено.

Туристы: история нанкина описывается здесь, внизу рассказывает о Нанкинскомклимате. из - за нанкина в нижнем течении реки янцзы, субтропическая зонаперехода к теплым, каждый раз, когда наступает лето, на высоте действуетсубтропическое высокое давление, поток постоянно тонет, температура постепенноповышается. как раскалённое солнце, средняя температура земли в день достигает50 "с выше, горячие Земли стали источником тепла в этом городе. в сочетании суникальным рельефом нанкина, он находится в долине реки янцзы, низко над уровнемморя, пересеченные горы, как естественный барьер, блокирует движение воздуха,предотвращает распространение тепла наружу; мокрый восточный ветер и южный ветериз моря перекрыты восточными пригородами горы цзинь и Юго - восточными горами,нанкин всегда находится под контролем высокой температуры. Поэтому лето внанкине было жарким и трудным, всегда называлось "печь". Но сегодня мы видимгород нанкин, зеленые деревья, особенно в восточных пригородах, Чжуншань и линьцзин, а также зелень деревьев, в среднем каждый человек занимает более 10деревьев, став знаменитым зеленым городом Китая. в некоторой степени этоповлияло на жаркий летний климат Нанкина.

Транспорт в нанкине также очень удобный. в аэропортах порт - Локо и Гранд -Кейп - Маунт ежедневно совершается несколько сотен вылетов. здесь соединяетсяжелезная дорога Пекин - шанхай и Нинь - медная линия, в частности, в 1968 году внанкине был построен мост Янцзы, который напрямую связывает железнодорожный,автомобильный и автомобильный транспорт с севера и Юга реки янцзы, такимобразом, "тяньвэнь - шань пути". Кроме того, шоссе шанхай - Нин и объездноешоссе превратились в основную транспортную артерию Нанкина. в связи с тем, чтонанкин расположен в самом центре наземного транспорта на востоке Китая, а такжев знаменитом городе речного порта, огромный флот минской династии Чжэн и нижнейАтлантики отплыл из нанкина через острова южно - Китайского моря, преодолев Азиюи Африку. сейчас нанкинский порт, после непрерывного расширения, годовойпропускной способностью более 30 млн. тонн, стал первым крупным портом вдольреки Янцзы.

познакомьте всех с туристическими ресурсами Нанкина. нанкин сформировалпять туристических линий на юго - востоке и северо - западе от центрагорода.

туристическая линия города Дун, главным образом, чжуншань пейзаж области, вцентре горы чжуншань, есть мин Сяолинь, храм линьгу, американский дворец,обсерватория цзыцзиньшань и более 50 туристических достопримечательностей. линияна юг города расположена в основном в районе циньхуэйского пейзажа, в центрехрама Конфуция, восточно - восточный водонепроницаемый пункт, западные изападные водонепроницатели, есть улица угэ, дом - музей Ли сяньцзюнь, сад -музей и другие достопримечательности, кроме того, китайские замки, мемориалыпавших героев гуаньтай и другие достопримечательности. на западе города естьпрохладные горы, Каменный город, озеро моуны и другие ландшафты, формирующиеединство гор, воды, города и леса. на севере города жемчужный курорт, в 11 км отгорода, является единственным провинциальным туристическим курортом нанкина,нанкин мост Янцзы также находится на севере города. в городе живописный районимеет знаменитое озеро базальту, окруженный горами, зыбкий, красивый пейзаж,кроме того, богатейший гуманитарный ландшафт.

Туристы: кстати, мы можем резюмировать особенности нанкина, это четыреслова: ? древняя, большая, тяжелая, зеленая?. "древность", нанкин является однимиз семи древних городов Китая; "большой", нанкин является одним из десятикрупных городов китая, есть самая большая река китая - - река янцзы, а такжеесть самая большая и самая полная городская стена, которая существует в китае;"Тяжелый", нанкин исторически и географически занимает важное место; "зеленый",нанкин растительности хорошее, озеленение передовых, является несколько десятковкитайских зеленых городов. Поэтому особенности нанкина города можно обобщитьдвумя словами: Мэй хунсун зеленый город, тигр и дракон инь города.

Туристы: Нанкин резюме на этом, внизу давайте пойдём в эту "древность шестидинастий", чтобы узнать ее "цинь Хуайхэ рифмы" бар!

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篇15:精选江苏南京夫子庙导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 16316 字

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Aujourdhui, je vous emmènerai visiter la rivière Qinhuai et le templeConfucius.Qinhuaihe River Tourism Area, located in the South of Nanjing OldCity, from the City, takes about 20 minutes to reach by car.Cest un templeConfucius comme centre, la visite, le shopping, la dégustation de saveur danslun de laffichage de la ville antique et les coutumes nationales de ladestination touristique.

Origine et évolution historique de la rivière Qinhuai

La rivière Qinhuai est une rivière qui a joué un r?le important dans ledéveloppement politique, économique et culturel de la ville antique deNanjing.On dit que la rivière Qinhuai est un canal artificiel que lempereur QINShihuang a ordonné de creuser.Qin Shihuang a visité lEst et a ordonné le foragede la montagne Fang pour communiquer avec la rivière Yangtze afin de faciliterla circulation des navires en passant par Nanjing. Par conséquent, cette sectionde la rivière a re?u le nom de "rivière Qinhuai".Cependant, selon létudegéologique, la rivière Qinhuai est une rivière naturelle avec une longuehistoire. ? cette époque, lancienne rivière traversait la montagne Fangshan,mais en raison des changements géographiques, la rivière a été détournée et aprogressivement formé le cours actuel de la riviè rivière Qinhuai danslhistoire a un large cours deau.Depuis que Yang xingmi, roi de Wu dans lescinq dynasties, a construit la ville de pierre autour du pont changgan, larivière a commencé à se rétrécir et a été divisée en "Qinhuai" intérieur etextérieur.? lintérieur de la rivière Qinhuai, la rivière Qinhuai est reliée àla rivière Qinhuai à lextérieur de la ville par le col de leau de lEst, letemple Confucius et le col de leau de lOuest au sud de la porte de leau del longueur totale de la rivière est de 10 km, ce qui fait quedinnombrables érudits et érudits célèbrent et jettent des louanges et destraces de "dix Li Qinhuai".Les grands poètes de la dynastie Tang, comme Li Bai,Liu Yuxi et du Mu, ont écrit des poèmes pour elle. Dans le fan de fleur de pêchede Kong shangren et lhistoire extérieure du confucianisme comme Wu Jing, ilsont également écrit des descriptions vives de "dix Li Qinhuai".Lanciennerivière Qinhuai est très petite par rapport à la rivière Yangtze qui traverse lenord de la ville de Nanjing, mais elle est étroitement liée à la naissance et audéveloppement de la ville de Nanjing, ainsi quau développement politique,économique et culturel de la région de Nanjing.Au début de l?ge néolithique, ily a cinq ou six mille ans, lhumanité sest développée ici.Jusquà présent,jusquà 50 ou 60 vestiges de villages primitifs ont été trouvés le long des deuxrives de la riviè Cour féodale des six dynasties et du début de la dynastieMing la utilisé comme barrière naturelle de la capitale et comme passagenaturel pour le Palais impérial.Après la construction de la ville de dingye(Nanjing), Sun Quan, dans lest du Wu, a été appelé "étang de barrière" sur lesdeux rives de la rivière Qinhuai, qui peut à la fois résister à lennemi et àlinondation.Depuis les six dynasties, les deux rives de la rivière Qinhuai dansla région de fuzimiao ont été un endroit animé avec des résidents denses et desmarchés connectés. La rivière Qinhuai a servi de principal canal de commerceextérieur dans la région de Nanjing. Les bateaux ont traversé la rivière et unefaction a prospéré.On dit que lancienne rivière Qinhuai est bordée de maisonsde chant et de restaurants, de maisons de rivière et de pavillons deau, depeintures de yachts et de lumières lumineuses, où les riches et les noblesmènent une vie de plaisir et dextase. Le dramaturge Kong shangren de ladynastie Qing décrit dans peach blossom fan comme une prostituée célèbre etintrépide, Li xiangjun, qui vit sur la rive sud du pont belle rivièreQinhuai a traversé la solitude de lépoque sauvage, la prospérité et le luxe dessix dynasties, la saleté de lancienne société et le sang et les larmes destravailleurs. Cependant, la rivière Qinhuai daujourdhui, après lasédimentation de lhistoire et la transformation des gens, a émis lodeur doucede La civilisation saine, a montré la beauté claire et émouvante.Cest untémoignage de lhistoire de Nanjing, pas étonnant que les gens soient habitués à"Qinhuai" comme synonyme de Nanjing.

Qinhuai painting boat - danchi - zhangbi of Confucius Temple - Temple frontSquare - fengxing Gate

Chers visiteurs,

Maintenant nous sommes arrivés à la rive de la rivière Qinhuai, la peintureet la défense dans la rivière ont été faites en imitant le style architecturalde la dynastie Ming, et il y a de grandes boules de couleur rouge et deslanternes rouges accrochées à lavant du bateau.Chaque fois que le festival deslanternes, les Nanjing sont habitués à venir ici pour profiter deslumières.Cette atmosphère a prévalu dans la dynastie Ming. Il est dit que Zhuyuanjin a visité la capitale après la construction de la capitale dans ladynastie Ming.Quand il est arrivé au bord de la rivière Qinhuai, il a vu lombredes arbres sur les deux rives de la rivière, la rivière était claire, lespavillons et les pavillons, le paysage était agréable, et a dit, "il ny a pasde bateau de croisière dans la rivière Xihe.""Quand lempereur ouvrit la bouchedor, il envoya des hommes à gauche et à droite toute la nuit construire unbateau à peinture pour gagner la joie de lempereur.Depuis lors, la visite de lapeinture Qinhuai est devenue une grande caractéristique ici.En particulier auFestival de la mi - automne, il y avait des milliers de lanternes deau sur larivière, des Lanternes de dragon dansant sur les deux rives, des chansons, destambours, des acclamations et des rires continus, qui ont duré toute la nuit, cequi a vraiment été appelé "Qinhuai lanternes dans le monde".Il nest pasétonnant que Nanjing ait un proverbe populaire selon lequel ? chaque famillemarche sur un pont et tout le monde regarde la lumière ?.La rivière Qinhuai sousnos yeux est devenue le temple Confucius (temple Confucius) depuis la dynastieSong.Dans lantiquité, le Palais des conférences de lempereur sappelait PiYong, le Palais des conférences des princes sappelait Pan Palace, et le Palaisdu temple Confucius était équivalent à lendroit où les princes donnaient desconférences, de sorte que ce pool sappelait Pan pool.En général, il y a troisponts en pierre sur le lac PAN. En termes de grade, les fonctionnaires du comtéet les fonctionnaires de lécole marchent au milieu, tandis que les éruditsmarchent sur les deux c?tés du pont.Il est dit que dans lantiquité, un éruditsest égaré sur le pont central, a commis un crime de désordre, un dilemme, a d?sauter dans Pan Chi.Sil vous pla?t, regardez le mur de brique rouge cramoisi delautre c?té de la rivière, cest le mur du temple Confucius.Zhao Bi a étéconstruit dans la troisième année de la dynastie Ming Wanli (lannée de Lize) eta une longueur de 110 mètres. Cest la Couronne de Zhao Bi pour tout lemonde.Visiteur: ce temple Confucius a été construit pour la première fois dansla troisième année de xiankang (337) de lempereur Cheng de la dynastie Jinorientale. ? cette époque, lempereur Cheng a adopté la suggestion de Wang Dao:"gouverner le pays en mettant laccent sur la culture des talents", et a décidéde créer une université sur les rives de la rivière Qinhuai.? lorigine, il nyavait que le Palais de lécole. Le temple Confucius a été construit dans lapremière année de jingpai de lempereur Renzong de la dynastie Song (1034) surla base de lapprentissage et de la richesse.Par conséquent, le temple Confuciusest une ville animée qui a évolué du Centre culturel et éducatif. Il comprend letemple Confucius, le Palais de lécole et la Cour dhommage. Il est situé sur larive nord de la rivière Qinhuai au Sud, à lextrémité est de la route Jiankangau Nord, de la ruelle yaojia à lEst et de la ruelle Sifu à lOuest, avec unegrande échelle.Bien que le temple Confucius ait été endommagé à plusieursreprises, il a été reconstruit et agrandi dans toutes les dynasties. ? la fin dela dynastie Qing et au début de la République de Chine, la structure et ladisposition de ses b?timents et temples étaient les plus célèbres du Sud -Est.Les b?timents actuels du temple Confucius ont été reconstruits en partie àla fin de la dynastie Qing et en partie au cours des dernières années.Sil vouspla?t regardez en arrière, ce b?timent de style pavillon, appelé pavillonkuixing, il a été construit pour la première fois dans la dynastie QingQianlong.Le b?timent en bordure de la rue a été détruit à deux reprises etreconstruit en 1985.Maintenant, nous sommes arrivés à la place devant le temple,qui a été ouverte par la dynastie Qing. Il y a deux stèles à lEst et à louestde la place, et il y a un Zhang Xu haut. Il est gravé avec les mots Manchu etHan "Les ministres de lart et des arts martiaux descendent ici" pour montrerleur respect pour Confucius.Le pavillon à double avant - toit hexagonal sur lec?té gauche sappelle le pavillon juxing, qui rassemble les étoiles et lestalents.Il a été construit dans la 14ème année de Wanli (1586) de la dynastieMing, et a été reconstruit par Zhu Fufeng et dautres dans la 8ème année deTongzhi (1869) de la dynastie Qing.Cest le seul b?timent de la dynastie Qingqui a survécu à lartillerie japonaise. Malheureusement, il a été démoli comme"quatre vieux" en 1968 et reconstruit en 1983 pour restaurer son apparenceoriginale.Larche au centre de la place sappelle "larche du Centre culturel dumonde".Sil vous pla?t, suivez - moi.Cest la porte du temple Confucius.On ditque létoile du canapé est létoile de lillumination dans le porte esten pierre, six colonnes et trois portes, construite dans la 16ème année de ladynastie Ming Chenghua (1480), détruite plus tard, et reconstruite dans la 9èmeannée de Tongzhi (1870) de la dynastie Qing.Cependant, la porte polaire que nousvoyons maintenant a été reconstruite en 1983.Les deux c?tés est et ouest de laporte des étoiles polaires sont East City et West City.

Dachengmen - dachengdan Hall - Academic Palace

Chers visiteurs,

En passant par la porte de létoile, cest la porte principale du templeconfucien, appelée Dacheng Gate, aussi appelée halberd Gate.Il y a quatre stèlesà lintérieur de la porte.Le premier est la tablette Confucius Wenli Tuo, gravéedans la deuxième année de la Dynastie Qi yongming (484).Il a enregistrélexpérience de Confucius dans la vingt - quatrième année du Duc Lu Zhao (518av. J. - C.), de Qufu, sa ville natale, à Luoyang, la ville du roi Zhou, pourenquêter sur le système des lois et règlements et chercher des moyens deconsolider le régime des esclaves de l?tat Lu.Dans la partie supérieure de latablette se trouve linscription "Confucius asking Ritual Map, Wu jinghengquestion".La photo montre deux personnes en voiture, un groupe de personneshabillées en costumes anciens devant la scène daccueil de la porte de la Ville,et les mots "deux ans yongming, Confucius dans la cérémonie de la porte de lasemaine lu" autour.Cette stèle a plus de 1500 ans dhistoire, les images et lestextes sont encore clairs et reconnaissables, est une relique rare etpré deuxième tablette est la tablette du temple confucien Jiqing.Linscription a été écrite par Lu Zhi lorsque le temple confucien a étéreconstruit de la dynastie Yuan à la deuxième année de lUniversité (1309) etgravée par le prince Chun Zhai dans la première année de la dynastie Yuan à lapremière année de la dynastie Shun (1330).La troisième tablette est la tablettede la famille Feng Si, qui parle de la deuxième année de la dynastie Yuan àShun, lempereur wenzong a ordonné que Yan Hui, Zeng Shen (les deux disciples deConfucius), Confucius Chi (le petit - fils de Confucius) et Meng Ke (le disciplede Confucius transmis de nouveau) soient scellés comme quatre saints.Laquatrième tablette est la tablette de la très sainte dame, qui parle de ladeuxième année de la dynastie Yuan à Shun (1331), lempereur Wen Zong a ordonnéque la femme de Confucius soit la très sainte dame.Sur les deux c?tés de la Courdu temple se trouve la galerie des stèles (à lorigine, cétait lendroit pouradorer le monument des soixante - douze sages de Confucius Gate), dans laquelle30 stèles de calligraphes contemporains célèbres sont exposées.Maintenant, silvous pla?t, suivez - moi par le chemin de la pluie de pierre au milieu.Avantdentrer dans la salle Dacheng, je vais vous présenter cette table en plein airdevant la salle. Cest lendroit pour le sacrifice et la danse.Dans lantiquité,le premier jour du mois de février et dao?t et le jour de la naissance deConfucius (27 ao?t du calendrier lunaire), les fonctionnaires locaux ont tenu degrandes activités de balayage dans le temple confucien.Le sacrifice a adoptélétiquette que les esclaves de la dynastie Zhou ont sacrifié aux dieux et auxesprits du ciel et de la terre. Devant la salle Dacheng, des ustensiles enbronze imités ont été placés, et deux vaches, 16 porcs et 16 moutons ont étéfournis, ainsi quune grande quantité de brocoli, de fruits secs et frais et debougies en papier parfumé.Les principaux sacrificateurs doivent porter descostumes anciens spéciaux, lire des textes sacrificiels, faire troisprosternements et neuf prosternements à Confucius et aux quatre paires(Confucius gaotu) et aux douze zhe (Confucius Family brother), et être équipésde groupes et déquipes de danse pour chanter Confucius. Par conséquent, unescène doit être aménagée devant la salle Dacheng.Maintenant, sil vous pla?t,suivez - moi dans la salle principale du temple Confucius, Dacheng Hall.Ilsagit dun b?timent majestueux, avec des avant - toits lourds et une crêtecentrale avec des sculptures de perles de dragon.Les b?timents de cette taillesont également rares dans tout le pays."Dacheng" signifie que Confucius arassemblé les pensées des anciens sages et sages.Dans la salle Dacheng,Confucius et ses quatre grands disciples étaient au Centre, et douze statues desenfants de la famille confucienne étaient sur les deux c?tés.Maintenant DachengHall a été ouvert comme "Nanjing Local Culture Museum".Sil vous pla?t, avancezplus loin, cest le Palais de lécole du temple Confucius.Au - dessus du linteaude la porte, il y avait à lorigine la plaque "xueyang", larche en bois decyprès à lextérieur de la porte, sur laquelle il y avait le titre "la premièreécole du Sud - est".Au nord de larche se trouve un jardin de fleurs avec desbalustrades en bois autour, et à gauche et à droite il y a quatre salles delecture, où les étudiants étudient eux - mêmes.Les noms de ces quatre chais sont"zhidao", "zhide", "yiren" et "amusement".? larrière se trouve le Mingde Hall,qui a été construit dans la neuvième année de Shaoxing (1139) dans la dynastieSong du Sud et sappelle Wen Tianxiang.Mingde Hall est lendroit où lesétudiants se réunissent. Après le pèlerinage de la nouvelle lune (1er et 15lunaires), les étudiants se réunissent ici pour former leurs tuteurs à prêcherl?glise Sainte et lOracle.Il y a une "tablette allongée" sur le mur est, cestla loi de linstruction.Sur les poutres de gauche et de droite pendent les sixcomtés de la résidence Jiangning pour soulever des questions.Le b?timent devantnous est le pavillon de lencens de poire, qui était à lorigine un sanctuairedédié aux parents de Confucius. Maintenant, il a été transformé en terrain dejeu.Le b?timent à lEst est le b?timent Qingyun, qui a été construit dans la14ème année du calendrier Wanli (1586) de la dynastie Ming. Cest un templeancestral pour les envoyés des dynasties passées. Il a été construit à loriginecomme un b?timent de trois étages, parce quil est proche de la Cour dhommage.Afin dempêcher les gens de regarder la Cour dhommage den haut, il a ététransformé en b?timent de deux étages dans la dynastie Qing. Létage supérieur aété utilisé comme bibliothèque et létage inférieur estAprès labolition delexamen impérial à la fin de la dynastie Qing, il a été transformé en écoleprimaire. Au début de la République de Chine, il a été transformé en JiangningCounty Education Association. Pendant la guerre anti - japonaise, il a étéutilisé pour ouvrir des maisons de thé et des lieux de chant. Après la guerre,il a été successivement utilisé comme centre déducation populaire et NanjingTongzhi Hall.Cest aussi lun des rares b?timents qui ont survécu à lancienpalais.Visiteur: après avoir visité larchitecture du Palais de lécole, nousallons visiter un autre complexe Architectural ancien du temple Confucius, laCour dhommage.

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篇16:南京海洋馆导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 12014 字

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各位游客:

大家好,欢迎来到郑州海洋馆。我是郑州海洋馆的讲解员,今天将由我陪同大家一起参观,游览,希望通过我的讲解能为您打开一扇探索神秘海底世界的窗口,能够将您带入这个美丽多彩的水下世界。预祝大家参观愉快!

现在大家来到的是淡水馆,也可以说是“长江”流域的一个缩影。长江――全长6300公里,是中国第一大河,世界的第三大河。发源于世界屋脊青藏高原唐古拉山脉主峰——海拔6221米的格拉丹东雪山,它由西向东流经我国11个省、市、直辖市,在崇明岛以东注入东海。以长江水系景观作为背景,也正是郑州海洋馆内设淡水馆的用意,因为人类要真正了解海洋,就必须从我们身边的江河湖泊开始,长江不仅在空间地域跨越了我国西东,其水系蕴涵丰富的渔业资源更是令人称奇,水系内的淡水鱼已知的就有274种,占全国淡水鱼的39%,是天然的淡水鱼种群资源库。

每当春天来临,万物复苏,温暖的阳光照射在青藏高原上, 格拉丹东雪山渐渐消融,雪水汇集成清澈溪流潺潺流下,形成一条奔腾的大河从世界屋脊上倾泻而出,飞流直下的瀑布跌落在深潭中激起了层层水花,发出雷霆般的声音,在我们面前展现出一幅长江源头瀑布的壮美画卷,共同感受它的磅礴气势。在这潭水中生活着长江上游典型的冷水鱼,它们终年生活在15摄氏度左右的水域中。由于整个山体岩石的色调都比较暗淡,水潭中一尾尾明黄的色彩特别吸引大家的目光。这种浑身金黄个头适中的鱼叫做金鳟,在它身体两侧从头到尾贯穿着一条色泽艳丽的红色条纹,使它在水中游动更显得婀娜多姿而富于变幻,但这条红纹并不是它与生俱来的,只有当他进入到成熟期后才会出现。大家可以仔细看一下,这个池中的金鳟几乎每条身上都有这条红纹,这证明它们都是一些“成年鱼”了。陪同在金鳟身旁游动着的体色青灰的鱼叫魟鳟,和金鳟同属鲑科。

穿过陡峭的山崖我们进入了长江上游的高山景观,这里看到的鱼叫做鳜鱼,它们有着一张十分夸张的大嘴,但是身上的鳞片却十分细小。鳜鱼喜爱安静,生活在缓流中及溪流的底部,大家可以发现鳜鱼是侧卧在水中的,您千万不要当它已经死掉了,其实它在休息,只不过睡姿比较特别。现在请大家转过身来,展示在我们面前的是生机盎然的东南亚热带雨林风景。

我们暂时离开长江流域来观赏一下东南亚热带雨林的淡水鱼。在池底游动的这种蓝色的鱼叫做蓝鲨,别看它外表很凶猛酷似鲨鱼,其实它生性非常胆小,所以要借助凶猛的外表来保护自己不受其他鱼的攻击。它只是鱼类的一种并不属于鲨鱼。那种白色的就是白鲨。大家有没有注意到一种背部突起的鱼?它叫做弓背鱼,在它的腹部整齐的排列着几个黑圈,一般数目在七个以上,因此又有人称它为七星刀。这种鱼的斑点排列每尾都不相同,身体左右两侧数目也不同,这个现象在其它鱼类中非常罕见。现在大家看到的这种鱼叫做“红招财”,有招财进宝之意。另外池中还放养着体色如老虎斑纹的泰国虎和尾鳍分开的泰国鯽鱼。

让我们继续前行回到我国的长江流域。现在大家看到的是长江流域的溪滩景观。在这个流域主要是一些鲶鱼,大家可能觉得这些鲶鱼很相似没有区别,其实并不是这样的,在这个水池中有口大如布袋的大口鲶,长着4对触须的胡子鲶以及尾鳍分开来的美国叉尾鮰。特别是体色洁白如玉的金丝鲶,它水中游动起来宛如迎风飞舞的一条玉带。在这群黑色鲶鱼中更显得婷婷玉立,格外的不同。其实它是黑色胡子鲶的白化品种。鲶鱼科类的鱼大多数生活在水底,喜欢夜间活动。

各位游客,随着路两边山势的起伏,嶙峋的山石出现在大家面前。我们在不知不觉中已经步入了长江中风光最为绚丽的一段——长江三峡景观。三峡是长江中一段山水壮丽的大峡谷,全长1922千米,由瞿塘峡、巫峡、西陵峡组成,是长江风光的精华、神州山水的瑰宝。在这么一个山水如画的人间仙境中究竟生活着什么水族生物呢?为了方便大家观赏,我们将长江纵切,三峡水下的情景一览无疑的呈现在大家面前。大家现在看到的这种奇怪的鱼叫做匙吻鲟原产于美国,又叫太空鲟。它的吻端呈平盘状伸长,它是不是很像根船浆?或是又像我们平常用的汤匙呢?匙吻鲟吃食时十分的有特点,但它究竟是怎么吃食的呢?大家可以在X点X分前来观看匙吻鲟虑食表演。在水池的下层生活着两种体形巨大的鱼类分别是施氏鲟和俄罗斯鲟,这两种鲟鱼相貌非常相似,只不过俄罗斯鲟体色较黄而已。其中俄罗斯鲟和我国的一级保护动物中华鲟很相似。俄罗斯鲟身上的鳞片已经演化成坚硬的骨板,所以游动起来显得十分的僵硬。

走出三峡流域后前面地势变的开阔起来,在一片烟雨蒙蒙中一池碧水流向远方与天连为一片。现在展示在大家面前的是长江中下游湖泊景观,这种黑白相间的鱼叫做胭脂鱼。它们疾驰穿梭在水草间,张开宽大的背鳍,宛如一张张升起的风帆,因此又得名中国帆鳍鱼,它是我国的二级保护动物。

古朴的茅草屋,木板桥,涓涓水流,一幅典型的水乡小桥流水人家的画面展现在眼前。门前的半亩池塘,一池碧水中生活着五彩缤纷,色泽艳丽的锦鲤。锦鲤是日本的国鱼,最早是由我国传入日本最终在日本发扬光大的。由于其色彩丰富,性情温和而被日本人民所喜爱并称之为“水下活宝石”。在这个池子中还生活着一种淡水生物,请大家仔细的找找看,对了,就是这种很特殊的动物——大鲵.大鲵是一种古老的物种,我国的二级保护动物,有水下“活化石”的美誉。因其叫声似婴儿的啼哭故人们又亲切的称它为娃娃鱼.娃娃鱼是一种两栖动物,既可在陆地爬行又可以在换气以后潜入水中.它习惯生活在山间溪流底部,并用四肢爬行或用尾部游动.再看它的头部可以说除了一张大嘴什么也看不到了,因为它的眼睛在长期的演化过程中早已退化成了两个小洞,并且十分怕光喜欢呆在灰暗的环境中.娃娃鱼的寿命一般在50岁左右,现在大家看到的这只娃娃鱼30多岁了,已经步入了老年期,希望它能在海洋馆安享晚年。

各位游客请跟着我穿过小木桥继续前行.我们面前的这个石门虽然是人工砌造的,但是您一旦穿过它便会和我一起走出国门.进入到了亚马逊热带雨林景区。亚马逊河全长6440公里,是世界第二大河。我们面前的这个情景画叫“被雨水淹没的森林”,由于亚马逊每年雨量充沛,再加上其源头安第斯山脉冰雪消融时带来的大量水源,使得热带雨林大部分时间都被水淹没着。在我旁边的这棵树,大家可以看到它的根和木板很相似,因此叫做板根树。由于它生活在这种特殊的环境中,为了争取到足够的阳光它只有不停的向高处生长,而长时间被水浸泡使得它只有扩展根部才能耸立。现在池子里的这种鱼叫做神仙鱼,长着长长的丝状背鳍,游动起来显得非常飘逸,逍遥自在,很像我们神话传说中的神仙。要它身边胖胖的尤如皮球一样的那条鱼是金皮球玛丽,银色的是银皮球玛丽。

请大家继续前行,首先映入我们眼帘的这尾鱼,体格壮硕,有着帝王的风范,这就是帝王三间。此鱼属高档热带观赏鱼的一种,别看它仪表堂堂,却性情非常凶猛,而且食量惊人。再看这尾是银龙,它通体闪烁着银白色的光芒,有着长长的触须,就好像神话故事中的水中龙王一般,有着高贵气质和博大的胸怀。银龙食量很大,但在产卵期间会停食。雌鱼产卵后,它会将卵含于口中,实行口孵,被人们称之为“龙吐珠”,小银龙在长成成鱼之前,都跟自己的母亲在一起,一旦遇到外来的侵犯,小银龙就藏进母亲的口中,危险过后母亲又将它们吐出,这种现象人们用了一个成语来形容它,叫“吞吞吐吐”。这条尾鳍红红的叫红尾鲶,红尾鲶长着3对长长的触须,头大嘴大,很讨人喜欢,性情温顺,人们又称它红尾猫。在这个场馆中,我还要特别向大家介绍在我们身旁的这棵树,虽然它身上已伤痕累累,却在干枯的枝头吐露出嫩绿的新芽,以绿色向我们证明自己顽强的生命力,它这种不屈不挠的精神,使人们为之赞叹,因此被我们全馆工作人员称之为生命树。

不知大家有没有发现眼前这棵胖乎乎的大树呢?它生长在西非稀树草原,名叫猴面包树,因为它的果子又圆又长猴子特别爱吃,所以而得其名。猴面包树生长在非洲的热带沙漠中,那里一年中有8至9个月干旱无雨,为了度过这段艰难的日子,猴面包树的大肚子树干就成了一个“贮水库”,在雨季时装上满满一肚子水,然后很快开花结果,到了干旱季节它落光身上的全部叶片,肚子中存贮的大量水分足够它喝一段。不知大家注意到刚才我们介绍过的淡水鱼了吗?它们的体色都比较单一黯淡,但是这个池子却令我们眼前一亮,豁然开朗。这些鱼叫地图鱼,地图鱼的体表布满了不规则的花纹,粗看像一副区域地图。我们可以看到,地图鱼的体形肥而短,加上它贪吃成性,食量很大,所以人们又称它猪仔鱼。这种身上长有老虎一样花纹的是花老虎,花老虎性情凶猛,进食非常迅速。

这种体色为黑色,全身分布着斑点的鱼叫雀鳝。其性情凶猛,喜欢食小鱼。雀鳝具有辅助呼吸器官,当氧气不足时可浮出水面直接用嘴呼吸。这边的是长嘴雀鳝,鱼体修长,长满牙齿的颌部比雀鳝更长,因此而得名。在这里X点X分我们将有一场雀鳝掠食表演,欢迎各位游客届时观看。

现在大家看到的就是银鲳,银鲳原产于南美洲的亚马逊河流域,由于其形体和习性与食人鲳及其相似,所以在东南亚一带又被称为“食人鲳”。银鲳的下颌上翘且发达,牙齿坚固而锋利,有着极其敏锐的嗅觉,性情非常凶猛,极易受到血腥味和泼水声的刺激而发起攻击。银鲳的体形卵圆而侧扁,眼眶后下方至臀鳍散布着由深到浅的淡红色星斑,成年银鲳的体色会随着周围环境的变化而变化。大家可以随我到这边仔细的观察一下,这边都是银鲳的成年鱼。和银鲳生活在一起的是海象,海象不是生活在北冰洋里的海象,而是一种大型淡水鱼,它又叫巨古舌鱼。它历史非常悠久,大约在一亿多年前就在地球出现了,有一种令人一见为之倾倒的神秘性。海象最长可以长到4米,在成长过程中,尾部的红色会不断加深,看上去仪态万方,非常美丽。这幅雕塑是印度图腾,和海象头部的图案两相呼应,勾勒出了亚马逊河一带非常逼真的生态环境。

在这边游动的五颜六色的小鱼,它们都属于慈鯛科。这边全身金黄色,背鳍,腹鳍及臀鳍边缘各有一条黑色边的鱼有一个很好听的名字——非洲王子。这尾蓝色的小家伙的名字是阿里。阿里长嘴状的脸形是其主要特征,成熟的鱼体呈金属性深蓝色,从吻端直背鳍外缘有一条白色的边纹,臀鳍呈橘色是其典型的标志。

各位游客,现在我们进入到了海兽表演馆。在这里大家看到的这些活泼可爱的小精灵,就是海豹。海豹是一种非常聪明的海洋哺乳动物。经过训练,能为人们表演多项精彩的游戏节目,一会我们可以在这里欣赏到它们的各项表演。

我们说珊瑚礁是地球上个十分重要的生态体系,它拥有非常丰富的生物种类。顺着这个楼梯上去,各位游客就到达我馆二楼珊瑚礁生物馆。在这里您可以看到一望无际蔚蓝的大海,在礁石上躺着一些五颜六色的海星。海星的学名叫海盘车,因为海盘车大多长着五个腕,像个五角星,所以又称之为海星。这个形状似馒头的叫馒头海星。海星背部微隆,腹部平坦,嘴巴生长在腹部,肛门在背上。大家看!海星腕上长着数目众多的管足,它靠这些运动器官在沙地爬行,它的扑食方法十分奇特,先用腕和管足把食物抓牢但是并不送到嘴里吃,而是把胃从嘴里翻出来,包住食物进行消化,消化后,再把胃吸回体内。海星表面温文尔雅,却有个绝招——分身术。只要留1厘米长的腕,就能生长出一个完整的新海星,所以短肢残臂对海星来说根本微不足道。在海星的附近有一种像菊花的生物,它就是海葵。那种占地面积比较大一点的我们称它地毯海葵。地毯海葵是受光线的影响,如果光线很强,它的花会开的很大,就像铺在海底下的地毯一样;身体长长的呈橘红色的,人们称它为红肚海葵。它那貌似娇艳的“花瓣”的触手,是专门用来捕捉食物的。触手上暗藏着肉眼看不见的武器——刺细胞,一些没有经验的小鱼碰到它的触手,海葵就会从刺细胞里释放出一种毒液,使小鱼浑身麻木动弹不得。

海葵便轻而易举的把它吞食掉。在海葵周围游动着一种身体为暗红色并且带有白色条纹的小鱼,是小丑鱼,又因为它们喜欢偎依在海葵身旁,伴海葵而居,所以又被称为“海葵鱼”。小丑鱼能分泌出一种粘液,防御海葵毒液的伤害;海葵呢,也乐于为小丑鱼提供保护,一旦遇到危险,小丑鱼就会从容地躲到海葵的触手丛中。作为回报小丑鱼常常为海葵清除皮肤上的寄生物,并把别的小鱼引诱到海葵的触手间,这样,海葵就得到了食物,小丑鱼也分享了一份美餐。与小丑鱼在一起游动的还有一种全身浓黑,身体两侧和尾鳍的前方各有一个白点的小鱼,叫做三点白。三点白小的时候会与小丑鱼一起生活在海葵附近,但长大了以后,三点白身上的白点将会逐渐消失并会离开小丑鱼和海葵,自立门户独自生活。这是海苹果,海苹果就是大家所熟悉的海参的一种,它也有许多微小的管足,还有像花朵一样的呼吸树,这些呼吸树都是它用来捕食的触手。您看它们的动作,一下一下,在嘴巴里进进出出,这是海苹果在进食。遇到危险时,海参会吐出自己的内脏做掩护,自己逃之夭夭。不过别担心,不用多久又会长出新的内脏。大家仔细观察一下,在水草附进会发现一种很特别的鱼,不错,那就是海马。它不是我们陆地上的马,而是一种鱼。因为它的头长得像马头,又生活在海里,因而被称为“海马”。除此之外,它和马没有任何亲缘关系。小海马出生时,雄海马将身躯往前一弓,一只透明的小海马就从育儿袋里钻了出来,一只又一只,雄海马就不断的生产着。大家不要以为听错了,确实是雄海马在生产。原来雌海马在成熟后,会将尾部伸到雄海马的育儿袋里,在里面产卵,并受精。孵化的任务就交给了雄海马。小海马从孵化到出生都和爸爸在一起,有时受到惊吓,也会迅速回到爸爸早已准备好的安乐窝里去。

大家转过这个通道,会看见一些小视窗,里面是一些比较希奇古怪的鱼。在这个视窗里可以看到白点河魨,大多数人都知道,河豚是一种毒性非常强的鱼.我们这里也要介绍一种河魨,不是河“豚”,而是“鱼”字旁一个“屯”字,它们生活在海里,就像这一条.别看它体积小,毒性却大的惊人.再往这边看,这是什么?一只狗吗?哦,原来是狗头鱼,你看它爬在那里的姿态,真像一只温顺可爱的小狗啊.在河魨中,只有少数是没有毒性的,狗头就是其中之一.

这又是什么?小小的方形的身体?像个小木瓜?它叫木瓜鱼.木瓜鱼的鳞片演化成了硬邦邦的骨板,硬的可以用来当榔头.木瓜的皮膜里布满了毒腺,一旦遭到袭击,这些毒腺就会分泌出大量的毒液,令袭击者当即中毒死亡.跟木瓜体形很相似的这条鱼叫牛角.为什么叫它牛角呢?顾名思义,因为它头上长着一对类似牛的犄角.在打斗时,这对角发挥着必不可少的作用.牛角大多时候都温文尔雅得像个绅士.嘴吧小而噘起,吃起东西来一小口一小口煞是可爱。

这个池子里养的都是一些炮弹鱼.这尾漂亮的鱼就是鸳鸯炮弹,鸳鸯炮弹披着鸳鸯一样华丽的外衣,非常惹人注目.外衣的色彩和图案都很特别,线条大胆夸张,很现代派.人们于是又用了一个人尽皆知的现代派画家的名字来命名它,叫毕加索.人们怀念一代画家毕加索的情愫由此可见一斑.我还要向大家介绍一种性情较温顺的炮弹鱼——小丑炮弹,小丑炮弹体色花纹非常醒目,很花俏,象个戏台上的丑角,丑角是容易被人忽视的,但小丑炮弹却是鱼类中观赏价值极高的一种,可以说是出尽了风头.

大家有没有发现这条鱼?是的,它也是一条鱼,尽管它看上去跟鱼的形貌相距千里,活象一块古化石,它叫“五角虎”,这是一种完全异化了的鱼,它的胸鳍和腹鳍都演化成了类似爬行动物的脚,所以五角虎既会走又会游.它的体色也很特别,粗糙,不起眼.这样的长相虽然有损雅观,却可以帮助它很好地隐藏自己,不易被察觉.“自我掩护”可以说是自然界中大多数一种本能.

在这边是一个很大的海龟池,那种最大的海龟是太平洋丽龟,最小的叫玳瑁,它可以说,是海龟中的侏儒,最大的玳瑁也只能长到50厘米。玳瑁的背甲层层叠叠,光泽美丽,像覆盖在屋顶的琉璃瓦。玳瑁的肉有异味而且有毒,所以不能食用。但它的甲片却是贵重的药材,可镇惊,又是工艺品的原料,可用来制作梳子、眼睛框等等。估计全世界每年有5—8万头玳瑁被捕杀,面临灭绝。海龟还有一些比较特殊的习性,母海龟在每年产卵时会出现一种特别的现象——“流泪”,对此,人们赋予了无限的想象。海龟的眼睛旁边有一盐腺,它平时总要通过流泪的方式,不断的把血液内多余的盐份排出体外,这是海龟在长期的进化过程中,对海洋生活的一种适应。而且小海龟的性别并不是由它们的父母决定的,而是视温度而定,在孵化的这段时间里温度高于28摄氏度是雌龟,低于28摄氏度则是雄龟。

现在展现在大家面前的是澳大利亚大堡礁的缩影。大堡礁位于澳大利亚的东北部沿海,由于地处热带全年水温都在20摄氏度以上,最热的月份超过28摄氏度,它的周围几乎没有河流流入。海水清澈透明,水下光线充足非常适合珊瑚虫的生长。而珊瑚礁是由这种微小的腔肠动物——珊瑚虫制造出来的。珊瑚虫有从海中吸取钙质制造骨骼的本领,新生的珊瑚虫在死去的珊瑚骨骼上生长。生生死死,日积月累,这样成千上万年过去了便形成了巨大的珊瑚礁群。有的露出水面成为海岛,因为它们像堡垒一样护卫着海洋,因此成为堡礁。它是世界最大,最变化多端,也是最美丽、最年轻的堡礁之一,只有50多万年的历史。是一颗闪烁着蔚蓝色和纯白色光芒的明珠。现在看到的这些色彩绚丽、自由自在的鱼儿,是珊瑚礁鱼里的蝴蝶鱼,为什么叫蝴蝶鱼呢?那是因为它颜色亮丽、姿态优雅、美如蝴蝶,所以称之为蝴蝶鱼。蝴蝶鱼既爱打扮,又爱迷惑人。许多种类的蝴蝶鱼在尾部两侧都长有“伪眼”——一个黑色的斑点,恰恰和头部的眼睛遥遥相对,而眼睛却隐藏在另一个黑斑里。如果你是一个粗心的鉴赏家,一定会把它的尾巴错当成头,因为蝴蝶鱼在海中总是以尾部朝前游,一旦遇到敌害,它就会以真正的头部飞快地游走,使敌人扑空,而自己却逃之夭夭。首先游入大家眼帘的是网蝶,这种蝶鱼的腹部斑纹像网一样,尾部有黑斑,是比较典型的蝴蝶鱼。再看这条鱼,非常的标新立异。你看它全身画满了“人”字,真不知道在鱼的世界里是不是也把“纹身”看作一种时尚?这种鱼就是人字蝶。大家快看,这就是有着“海洋中的蒙娜丽莎”之称的月光蝶。月光蝴蝶鱼圆圆的身体像个桔黄色的小月亮,一双黑亮的大眼睛透明澄净,嘴巴小而噘起,看上去楚楚动人,宛如中国古代的绝色美人。

大家可别小瞧它尖尖的嘴巴,这可是它们在珊瑚礁中觅食的武器。现在看到的这尾鱼有一个非常可爱的名字——冬瓜蝶,而这个与它很相似的是风车蝶。这两种鱼的区别在于风车蝶的条纹是红色的,也比较宽,而冬瓜蝶的条纹则比较密。这边还有一种非常具代表性的鱼叫黑影蝶。黑影蝶是蝴蝶鱼里体形最大的一种。但是它并不因为自己块头大就蛮横跋扈。相反,性情非常温顺,处处谦让弟弟妹妹们。在我国的台湾海域一带,有很多的黑影蝶。再来大家一定会问这种是什么蝴蝶鱼?这种不是蝴蝶鱼,而是倒吊。它叫做大帆倒吊,这种鱼黑白相间,背鳍与腹鳍在遇见危险时会张开,比较像撑满了的风帆,体形也会感觉很大让敌人不敢侵害它。这边还有七彩倒吊大家可能会觉得它很普通,如果你仔细观察会发现它背鳍上的颜色非常的多,并且色彩十分抢眼,因此得名七彩倒吊。现在游过来全身灰色的是灰倒吊,旁边尾鳍上有一个白点的是荷兰三角倒吊。大家在这里还会看见一些美丽的鱼,全身亮黄,吻端黑白相间像狐狸的头部一样有些突起的鱼是黄狐狸鱼。跟在它旁边的鱼,大家千万不要误以为它也是黄狐狸的幼鱼,它是假面狐狸,又称二线狐狸。给它这个称呼是因为它除了浑身的颜色较黄狐狸淡一些,其它的都非常相似。这尾鱼就是我们海洋馆的标志——海神仙。海神仙长着长长的丝状背鳍,显得非常飘逸。大家仔细看,它脸部的图案非常有特色,很像我们神话传说中的神仙。那它是不是也像传说中的神仙那样超凡脱俗呢?海神仙的性格非常郁郁寡欢,像个多愁善感的林妹妹。它们一般成双成对出现,彼此之间偶尔会有争斗,但也无伤大雅。在生长过程中,如有一方身遭不测,毫无置疑,另一方也将抑郁而死。

好了,现在我们来到的是触摸池。在这里您可以将手伸进池子里,亲身体会一下生气勃勃的海洋气息。这种奇怪的海洋生物有一个很特别的名字——鲎。早在4亿多年前,鱼类刚刚崛起而恐龙尚未问世,鲎就已经活跃在海洋中。虽然目睹和经历了地球的无数沧桑巨变,时至今日,它却仍然保持着古老的面貌,被人们称为“活化石”。鲎有四只眼睛。前端的两只小眼睛用来感知亮度,对紫外光非常敏感;两侧有一对大复眼,由若干个小眼睛组成。人们发现鲎的复眼有一种侧抑制现象,也就是能使物体的图像看起来更加的清晰。此外,鲎还是自然界中唯一的血液是蓝颜色的动物。这种血液的提取物——鲎试剂,可以快速、准确地检测人体内部组织是否因细菌感染而患病;在制药和食品工业中还可用它作为毒素污染的监测。

我们继续前行,在前方这个视窗里能够看到海羽星。海羽星看上去象一丛美丽的海藻,其实它是动物,而且是动物中最古老的一种棘皮动物。海羽星的腕臂柔软有力,可以上下自由摆动,它就是靠这些腕臂来游泳的。这些腕臂中有纤毛沟,有一种粘液从纤毛沟里流出来,它靠这些粘液把海水中微小的浮游生物捉住,然后送进口中。和海羽星共同生存在这个视窗里的还有这种黑色、混身长满刺的小家伙,它就是海胆。海胆喜欢栖息在海藻丰富的潮间带以下的海区礁林间的石缝中,以比较坚硬的泥沙质浅海地带为家。海胆笨拙,靠从腹部壳孔中伸出来的管足缓缓地爬行。

这一群是什么?它们是虾鱼,又叫刀片鱼。身体这么薄,几乎接近透明。刀片鱼有个非常可笑的特点,大家看它们游起来头是朝下的。可想而知,这种泳姿是游不快的,那么如果遇上敌害怎么办?别急,刀片鱼一旦遇上敌害,身子会马上横过来,往前直冲,游速非常快,不过大多时候,刀片鱼都隐藏在海胆身上,因为它长得长而细,像海胆身上的刺,所以和海胆共存不易被察觉。

现在大家进入的是珊瑚礁海景隧道,在这里大家可以看到种类更多更漂亮的珊瑚和珊瑚礁鱼。这叫鹿茸珊瑚,鹿茸珊瑚看上去像一丛丛的鹿茸;像蘑菇的这叫蘑菇珊瑚;红颜色的叫红珊瑚。红珊瑚长的非常奇特,大多数珊瑚骨骼都是白的,而红珊瑚却是由内而外的红。

现在让我们将视线转移到鱼身上来,它叫狐狸鱼,狐狸鱼因为头部长的像狐狸而得名,它鲜艳的体色是一种警戒。狐狸鱼的背鳍带有剧毒,起防卫作用。哦,这条漂亮的小鱼,它叫什么名字?它叫绿花龙,还有它,它叫双色龙,它们同属隆头鱼科。这一科的鱼多达500多种,而且各有各的形态和习惯。单以睡觉的姿态来说,有些会钻入沙中,比如绿花龙;有些则会分泌出粘液作茧自缚,不如鹦哥龙。隆头鱼都有性转变的现象,并实行“一夫多妻制”,也就是说,一条雄鱼常会和数条雌鱼在一起。

这条叫什么?金灿灿的,真可爱,它叫金钱鱼。这种淡水鱼,它为什么又能生活在海水里呢?那是因为金钱鱼原本生活的也是一些沿海水域,这些水域因为临近海洋,盐分很高,所以金钱鱼生活在海里也照样能安然无恙,自得其乐。金钱鱼因为长的小巧可爱,深受当地渔民的喜爱,他们亲切的称它为“金果子”。

在参观过程中,我觉得很有必要向大家介绍一下我们行走其间的隧道玻璃——压克力玻璃。压克力玻璃和普通玻璃相比,有两个重要特征。一是透明度高,二是韧性高,因为这两个特征使得它广泛用于世界各地的海洋馆,包括郑州海洋馆。

在大家头顶慢吞吞游过的鱼儿,名叫苏眉。苏眉的体形较大,人的眉毛长在眼睛上面,而苏眉的眉毛在眼睛的后面。大家仔细观察可以看到三条像眉毛一样的花纹,所以名字也由此尔来。可能有的游客会说,它长的很丑,不过它却很温柔,苏眉在平时吃饱了的时候,喜欢栖息水地或礁石的角落睡大头觉,一般不会攻击其它鱼类。

这种非常可爱的鱼是刺豚,刺豚是河豚的同类,全身长满了硬刺,因此又被人们称为海中的刺猬。这些刺是由鳞片演化而成的。平时,这些刺贴在身上,顺溜、光滑,一旦遇到敌害,刺豚就会吞入大量的海水和空气,使身体膨胀,身上的刺也竖起来,像个大刺球。“敌人”一见这样,哪里还敢碰它呢?同时,身体一膨胀,它们就能尽快浮出水面,逃离敌害。等危险过后,刺豚就把吞进去的海水和空气再吐出来,身体又恢复原状。不过,刺豚也有被“气死”的时候。这是因为“生气”之后的刺豚,如果不能在短时间内将体内的气体排出,便会使身体过度膨胀而死。有道是“气大伤身”,看来小家伙还是少生气为好。

我们还可以在这里看见成群的倒吊鱼,那么,为什么这些可爱的鱼儿会叫这么奇怪的名字呢? 。这种是天狗倒吊,倒吊的共同特征是在尾部两侧各有一个突起的尾棘,形状像外科手术刀,所以英文原意有“外科鱼医生”之称。在打斗时,倒吊会用尾部鞭挞对方,使对方遭受创伤。倒吊鱼的体表糙如砂纸,所以又称“粗皮鲷”。粗皮鲷中有些种类体色非常鲜艳,就像这种蓝倒吊,它们成群游动时,忽左忽右,好象有人在指挥阅兵式,十分好看。

大家也许早就注意到这条鱼,腹鳍、背鳍都很特别。长的像京戏里身上插满小旗子的武生,又像一个披着蓑衣的老渔翁,它是蓑鮋。蓑鮋被人们称做海中的“毒蝎子”。在它长长的背鳍中隐藏着非常剧烈的毒性。人一旦被蛰就像浑身打了一针毒剂,严重时在3—24小时内就会死亡。蓑鮋的毒液是一种由分子量不同的肽,毒蛋白质,各种酶类等物质组成的外毒素。蓑鮋的蛋白毒素能麻痹心肌造成死亡。但是对这种成分加以研究,可以获得治疗心血管疾病的药物。蓑鮋长着一个丑陋的头,嘴巴很大,上唇短,下唇长,模样非常吓人,所以通常又叫它魔鬼鮋属于狮子鱼科,大多数狮子鱼的体内都会产生一种吸力。外出旅游时,一旦遇到敌害,狮子鱼就会发放这种吸力,将幼鱼紧紧地吸附在身上,逃之夭夭。所以说,蝎子再毒,为人父母时还是可敬可爱的。

这些色彩鲜艳且附在礁石上的是什么呢?哦,原来是地毯海绵。海绵是海洋中最原始的多细胞动物, 这里看到的海绵是人为仿真的,这样做是为了给鱼类营造更逼真的生态环境,为游客取得更好的感官效果。在这里群游的叫妞妞鱼,妞妞长的花俏,游泳也很特别。游动起来好像全身的肌肉都在动似的,特吃力。在鱼类学上,称这种游泳方式叫鳝泳。

在珊瑚礁下面我们还可以看到身体为蓝色体形似炮弹的叫魔鬼炮弹,身体为咖啡色的咖啡炮弹,还有这边腹鳍和背鳍皆呈透明状的玻璃炮弹。几乎所有炮弹体内都流侵略侵略性质的血液,它们凶狠,贪吃,很令别的鱼不齿.很多炮弹鱼性情奸诈,惯于伪装自己..

大家可以继续往前走,刚刚我们看到的是一些珊瑚礁鱼,现在的这些都是一些深海里的鲳鱼。身上有三个点的是三点鲳,有身体银白的巴浪,有身体泛着光芒的金鲳,还有身上长了一些不均匀小黑斑,背鳍和黑鳍泛淡蓝光芒的黑尻参。大家有没注意到在徐徐飘动的海带?海带是一种大型的海藻,它也属于单细胞植物,但是大家这里看到的海带是人为仿真的。它的飘动是因为水体循环的缘故。在海洋馆里,只有不断循环整个水体才能保证水质的干净,以次确保鱼类健康生活。

大家在前面可以看到一些大型的海洋鱼类。这些群游着的分别是 黑拷参和柠檬鱼,为什么我们不在这里养一些色彩漂亮的珊瑚礁鱼呢?大家猜猜看,这是什么原因呢?因为这里生活着一些恶名昭彰的“海洋杀手”——鲨鱼。个体小巧的珊瑚礁鱼在这里随时都有被攻击的可能。而只有群游性鱼类,才能避免遭受鲨鱼们的杀戮。这种金黄色的鱼,大家也许会认为是大黄鱼。但是,如果您仔细观察就会发现,在它的尾巴上面有一个黑色的斑点,它叫尾斑石首鱼,也叫美国红鱼,和我们国产的黄鱼同属一科。上面这群身体扁扁的带条纹的是燕鱼,燕子的燕,燕鱼的体色会随着心情及环境的不同而改变,改变在眨眼之间就能完成。不仅如此燕鱼还特别胆小,遇到危险无路可逃时就会躺在水面上装死,以此躲避攻击。燕鱼是典型的群游性鱼类,集体生活既赋予它们的全感,又利于它们繁衍后代。

您在这里还可以看到一些鲨鱼。这条鱼的背部有许多褐色的斑点,就像动物园里豹子的毛皮一样,它叫豹纹鲨。豹纹鲨是一种卵生的底栖性鲨鱼,出生的时候是颗大大的鱼卵,经过孵化才成型的。它的尾巴很长,占整个躯体的2/3,这也使得它看上去越加的温婉动人!

当然,这里不仅有豹纹鲨,还有一条更长更大的鲨鱼等着我们认识呢。哇!好大的一条鲨鱼呀。这条鲨鱼叫护士鲨,它长约3米,重200多斤,胃口非常惊人,一天要吃掉20多斤的小黄鱼,比大白鲨还会吃。护士鲨因在阳光的照射下通体发光,所以也叫“光鳞鲨”。鲨鱼是一种软骨鱼类,骨的韧性极好,在水中能配合潜水员做出各种的造型。令人惊奇的是如此庞大的鲨鱼,眼睛却很小,鲨鱼能在浩瀚的海洋中生存下来靠的是灵敏的嗅觉及锋利的牙齿。大家有没有发现在护士鲨身上还粘着一条小鱼,这条鱼既不是它的小宝宝,也不是它的好朋友,却奇怪地粘在护士鲨身上让它带着它游动,它叫吸盘鱼。吸盘鱼背部的第一个背鳍已经演变成了一个椭圆形的吸盘,利用这个吸盘它可以轻松地吸在一些大鱼、海龟或者鲸的身上,吸在别人的身上最大的好处就是可以偷懒了,不花力气游泳了,当大鱼在进食的时候,它就在旁边等着吃点“残羹冷食”,懂得知足常乐的道理。吸盘鱼在海洋中过着“衣食无忧”的生活,成了人见人厌的“懒鱼”,有些书上还美其名曰“免费的旅行家”,因为它无论去哪里旅行都不用花分文盘缠,只要找到一件合适的“交通工具”就能免费遨游四海,真是一种再经济不过的生活方式。这里还生存着另一种比较有特色的海洋生物——黑背瑶。它属于瑶鱼科,又称为魔鬼鱼。大家可以看到,黑背瑶的嘴巴是长在腹部的,而眼睛却长在背上,可想而知,让它去捕捉在游动的小鱼来吃,是一件多么困难的事情呀!现在就好多了,因为这里有我们耐心的潜水员可以帮助它,它们可以轻轻松松就填饱肚子了。

大家现在来到了大视窗前,在这里您可以欣赏到一些精彩的表演。X点X分有一场人鲨共舞表演(“美人鱼”水下诗话表演),望各位游客届时观看。各位游客从这边走可以上到二楼民俗馆。

各位游客,大家好!现在我们来到的是海洋民俗馆,首先映入眼帘的是金黄的沙子,小朋友可以在其中挑选自己喜爱的贝壳或者用沙子堆积自己的城堡,尽情的玩耍。玩累的您可以在鲸豚影院小憩一下,通过电视了解鲸鱼、海豚等海洋生物的生活习性。

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篇17:2024南京夫子庙导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 2895 字

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古时立学必祀奉孔子,其各地的孔庙,属于国家祀典内容之一。所以孔庙的特点是庙附于学,和国学、府(州)县学联为一体。庙的位置或在学宫的前部,或偏于一侧。

南京夫子庙是前庙后学的布局。孔庙、学宫与东侧的贡院(通过考试来取士的考场)组成三大文教古建筑群。古时候的孔庙有一定的布局形式。

一般前设照壁、棂星门和东西牌坊形成庙前广场,棂星门前设以半圆形水池,称为“泮池”。泮池是孔庙的特有形制,源自于周礼,而夫子庙凿秦淮河为泮池,是唯一利用天名河道作为泮池的遗例。岸北为石栏,有“天下文枢”牌坊,游人至此可凭栏小憩,浏览秦淮河风光。

夫子庙的大照壁位于秦淮河南岸,建于明万历三年(1575年),全长110米,为中国照壁之最。

泮池边的石栏为明正德九年1520xx年所建,现也修饰完整。东有奎光阁,西有聚星亭,象征文风昌盛;庙前广场东西两侧立石柱,上书“文武大臣至此下马”,以示对“至圣文宣王”的崇敬之意。庙门前有“天下文枢”柏木牌坊一座,牌坊后面为“棂星门”,系丈余高石牌坊,六柱三门,中门刻有“棂星门”三字篆文。三门之间嵌有牡丹砖刻浮雕,柱头皆有云雕,形即华表。这是帝王出巡朝圣祀孔的通道,非一般官员百姓所能出入的。平日用木栅栏封闭。

街东西旧有“道冠古今”、“德配天地”两坊,民国以后被拆除。广场左右原有“聚星”、“思乐”二亭。聚星亭重檐六角,夫子庙于1983年复建;思乐亭今移建于东市小广场。

棂星门由三座单间石牌坊组成,石坊之间墙上嵌有牡丹图案的浮雕,中间石坊横楣刻有“棂星门”三个篆字,造型朴实无华。

入棂星门,东西两侧各有持敬门,中间为大成门,又称戟门。在封建时代,每逢朔、望(农历初一、十五)朝圣和春秋祭典,府县官员、教谕、训导学教官由大成门进,士子走持敬门,不得逾矩。下阶为丹墀,东西并立三碑,东为元至顺二年(1331年)封至圣夫人碑,西为四亚圣碑,再西为清康熙修学宫碑记。丹墀左右为两庑,外有走廊通正殿。两庑供奉孔门的七十二贤人牌位。

正中是为“大成殿”,外有露台,是春秋祭奠时舞乐之地,三面环以石栏,四角设有紫铜燎炉,燃桐油火炬,祭祀多在午夜子时,光如白昼。殿内正中供奉“大成至圣先师孔之位”,左右配享四亚圣——颜回、曾参、孟轲、孔汲。殿的东边有小门通学宫。

明清时代的大成门为五间,两侧为耳房,供执事人等休息之用,中为三门,门内陈列戟,东设鼓,西置磬,每逢朔望朝圣和春秋祭典,府县官员由大成门(中门)进,士子执事人等分走旁门。此门 与大殿同毁于日军兵火。1986年新建的大成门面宽三间,门内正中有汉白玉屏风,上镌刻“重修夫子庙记”,树立四块古碑,其中齐永明二年的“孔子问礼图碑”是由南京市人民政府院内迁至此处的一块重要的碑铭。

入大成门循甬道丹墀而上,便是夫子庙的主殿大成殿。现大殿是按清代同治八年(1869年)的建筑为蓝本修建的,取消了原孔庙的后墙,使之与学宫融为一体。大殿七间,高18米,重檐歇山顶。原殿内正中为“大成至圣先师孔子之神位”牌位,两旁配享四亚圣。现殿内有孔子铜像,两旁配有孔子十二弟子汉白玉像。殿前有宽敞的露台,四周绕以石栏板,它是古时祭祀举行乐舞的地方。殿前两侧有廊庑相连,原是供奉孔门七十二贤人和历代大儒,及存放祭器的地方。现改作碑廊,墙上镶嵌陈列当今名流的书法碑石30多块。

孔庙院墙与学宫之间,东西北三面有宽畅的通道,曾种植几百棵柏树,古木参天,郁郁苍苍。那时,在庙外的文德桥上凭栏眺望,大成殿的黄色琉璃瓦屋顶在绿荫丛中显得金碧辉煌,雄伟壮观。殿后为“明德堂”,相传匾额为南宋文天祥楷书,后由曾国藩改为篆书。堂后为“尊经阁”,阁原为教谕讲课讲堂,楼上藏有大量儒教典籍的刻板和诸多圣贤画像。清嘉庆年间又遭战火破坏。

清同治八年(1869年)曾国藩、李鸿章二人相继重修扩建,恢复旧貌。然而,孔庙的主要建筑均于1937年毁于日本侵略军的炮火。解放后,原学宫部分作为秦淮区人民游乐场,“名宦乡贤祠”则改为夫子庙小学;大成殿遗址辟为夫子庙广场。“文化大革命”中,剩余建筑又遭破坏。1983年,政府拨款重建夫子庙古建筑群,主体建筑大致恢复旧貌。

夫子庙两侧的东西市场,原是学宫前甬道。东甬道为学宫正门,门前有坊,上书“泮宫”。坊东为明清两朝状元、榜眼、探花题名牌坊。坊西为会元、解元题名牌坊,坊的背面是武科题名牌坊。东西甬道旁,原各有三祠两署。民国以后废科举,兴学堂,学宫遂渐衰落,祠、署分别改为学校、教育局、图书馆等,学宫甬道也成为摊贩市场,东西市场的名称便从那时开始。

现东西市场于1987年建成,总建筑面积为4400平方米,吸收了我国传统的商业街道的空间形式和尺度,采用明清时代的街市风格,以石板铺地,店铺采用“青砖黛瓦马头墙,回廊挂落花格窗”,店、庙、市、街合一,富有浓郁的地方特色。

尊经阁在明德堂后,始建于明嘉靖年间,原为上下两层各五间,清嘉庆以后曾在此设尊经书院,楼上藏书,楼下讲学。1987年重建的尊经阁高三层,18.7米,重檐丁字脊歇山顶,底层五间,二层、三层均为三间。底层辟为“秦淮彩灯馆”,二层为“秦淮文物古迹陈列室”,三层备有茶座,可供游人休息并眺望夫子庙全景。

位于学宫东侧的“贡院”,始建于宋乾道四年(1168年)。它是当时建康府、县学考试的场所,范围甚小。明太祖朱元璋建都金陵,集乡试、会试于此,考生众多,不敷应用。明成祖永乐年间在此重新兴建,贡院始具规模。虽永乐十九年(1420xx年)成祖迁都北京,但此地仍为江南乡试所在地,清承明制,一如其旧,道光年间曾重新修建。咸丰年间文庙、学宫俱遭兵火,贡院却独能幸存。同治时又重扩建,范围更大,考棚号舍有2万余间,居中国各省之冠。

当时贡院东起今姚家巷,南至贡院东等和贡院街,西至贡院西街与夫子庙隔街相望,北至今建康路。整个贡院成正方形,内有号舍(俗称考棚)20644间,一人一间,每次考试可容纳2万多人。当时贡院正门在今永和园及秦淮剧场之间。

大门外街之东、西各有木牌坊一座,即东、西辕门。大门外东西有石狮子一对及两座石牌坊,轴线上有门三道,分别称“贡院”、“开天文运”及“龙门”。

龙门后依次有明远楼、至公堂及戒慎堂。堂后有门,门后有飞虹桥。桥之南属外帘,飞虹桥是内外帘的分界线。最后为衡鉴堂,是主考官阅考卷、评定名次的地方。考试期间内外帘分隔很严,不得擅自出入。整个贡院四周围以高墙,墙外为街道,街道另一边为店铺民居。自光绪三十一年(1920xx年)废科举后,贡院即闲置无用。民国7年决定拆除贡院,开辟市场,只保留了明远楼、飞虹桥和明远楼东西少数号舍及明、清碑刻22方。

明远楼始建于明永乐年间,清道光年间重建。平面正方形,三层木结构建筑。底层四面为墙,各开有圆拱门,四檐柱从底层直通至楼顶,梁柱交织,四面皆窗。登临四顾,整个贡院一目了然。它是考试期间考官和执事官员警戒、发号施令的地方。明远楼内已辟为科举制度陈列馆——江南贡院历史陈列馆,展出了100多幅反映中国科举制度的珍贵文献资料、图片,并按原样复建了40间号舍。原安放在贡院内的22方明清碑刻,现集中陈列于明远楼东西两侧,它是研究明清贡院建制沿革和科举情况的实物资料。

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篇18:南京导游词讲解

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 1026 字

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各位游客,您们好!欢迎各位亲莅国防园参观游览。

南京国防园始建于一九九二年八月,总占地300亩。现在大家看到门楼上五个镀金大字是在建园前专门为公园题写的园名。

国防园的所在地,远在公元前333年楚威王修建的金陵邑城堡;其后,东吴孙权鉴于石头山地势险要,为扼守建康门户,于公元220xx年在金陵邑旧址上筑石头城,建烽火台;东晋义熙年间,又建造“入汉楼”,成为建康军事重镇;唐末再修石头城,到明朝,朱元璋又扩建了中外闻名的南京城墙,对石头城进行了加固和修复。现在山的西面脚下有一公里多的城墙,是历史的原物。城墙上有块巨石,因大自然的风化,酷似狰狞恐怖的鬼脸,所以这段石城遗址又名鬼脸城,是著名的石城风景区重要组成部分,已被列为江苏省重点文物保护单位。一九七五年,时任国务院副的邓小平同志专程陪同朝鲜首相金日成前来参观。

昔日的军事重地,召集已成为南京市著名的国防教育和爱国主义教育场所。她由国防教育馆、军兵种馆、英模馆、国防科技馆、重兵器场、模拟演练场和军体娱乐园等组成。“国防教育馆”名有原军委副主席刘华清题写;“军兵种馆”名由国防部长迟浩田题写;张爱萍、江渭清、杜平、向守志等领导也分别为国防园题了词。

右侧大草坪上的双拥模范城纪念碑,是南京市1993、1994、1997三年荣获全国“双拥模范城”称号后,收集了邓小平同志的手迹专门铸成的。石塑的两手紧握,象征军民携手并进;她像一个嘴巴,象征军民唇齿相依。

现在,我们看到的展览馆二楼,正是新近对外开放的“神舟”号飞船展示厅,厅内展出我国发射回收成功的“神舟”号载入飞船模型,它按照原物尺寸的三分之一,由国家航天工业总公司特为南京制作,这是全国首次公开展出的“神舟”号仿真模型,是寻常人不易看得见的。这个模型与“神舟”号飞船原物一模一样,这次可以请大家亲眼目睹并仔细参观拍照留念。这个展览馆内还同时展出了大量的长征火箭和宇宙飞船的大量实物照片及文字资料。这种参观机会也是不多的。

在展览馆的后面一座馆,正是大家最感兴趣,也是最有刺激的新近开放的“太空遨游馆”。它通过国家航天部特制的大型动感平台和宽银幕电影,运用高科技的声、光、电、3d动画和仿真模拟等手段,使观众随着座椅左右、上下、前后摇摆振动,加上配合默契的银幕视觉技术,您就仿佛逼真地乘在太空飞船里,进行紧张而又舒畅、惊险而又飘渺的“太空遨游”,使您产生身临其境,前所未有的感觉。“遨游太空、其乐无穷”。各位游客请不要失去这个难得的机会,不妨去亲自体验一下。

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篇19:南京旅游概况导游词精选范文

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:旅游,导游,全文共 1951 字

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一路游来,江南的美景游了不少,美食也品了不少,美女呢,也见过不少。大家开心我也开心。不过肯定还有不少的遗憾,江南的美景太多了,不可能在这短短的几天就全部看到,我所能做的就是带大家欣赏更多的美景,多了解这里的风土人情文物特产。也许有的人还有机会再来,也许有的人可能再没有机会来了,一路上大家对我的工作都很支持,我很感谢,让我们一起抛开遗憾,收藏美丽!

快到南京了,说起南京带给我的感受,可谓爱恨交加。为什么呢?

听我慢慢道来。在南京呆过一年半载的人,都知道,夏天像个大火炉,那个热呀,恨不得苍蝇蚊子都能中暑;冬天像个大冰窖,那个冷呀,好像睡觉也会冻翘翘。三言两语难以表达我的讨厌。

为什么会这样呢?就要说到它的地势了。听听诸葛孔明怎么说的。

在赤壁之战前,诸葛亮应孙权之约,下江南共商抗曹大计,骑着小毛驴,摇着鹅毛扇,考察建邺后(今南京),说“钟山龙蟠,石城虎踞,此乃帝王之宅也。”也就是说,在南京,东有绵延起伏的钟山,像一条盘龙;西有巍然的石头城屹立于大江之滨,像一只猛虎蹲踞着,这一切暗合古时传统的好风水:左青龙,右白虎,后人简称为“虎踞龙蟠”。大山小山整把南京围了个圈儿,只有北边缺了个口儿。造物主偏爱南京,又送给她什么?长江,对了。古人没翅膀,没大桥,没飞机,没大炮,敌人只能望江兴叹。所以嘛,封建帝王想:“南京好,美景多,美人娇,躺在里面睡大觉”。

更关键的是,南京有个凝聚了金陵王气的宝物,就是貔貅,南京的市徽。它是上古的神兽,英勇善战而且招财进宝、驱邪消灾。大家要记得带个回去哟,是个好东西。

于是乎,12个朝代在南京这个大摇篮中,上演了你方唱罢我方登场的历史剧。想当年,蒋家王朝也曾妄想据长江天险二分天下。

南京深得帝王宠爱,可总是“红颜薄命”。因为兵家必争之地,自然会血雨腥风。改朝换代就像小孩子搭积木一样,不满意,推翻再重来;牺牲的将士就像朱元璋手中捏的鸡,死了还有鸭子替代;从天子到臣子到小卒子最后到凡夫俗子的坟墓就像路上的红绿灯一样,没两步就亮起来。不好,不能讲了,要不然大家夜里睡不着找我唠磕,怎办?不好意思,少说点,就打对折,就说近几百年的吧。

明朝。葬朱元璋马皇后的明孝陵,已被列入联合国教科文组织的世界遗产名录。提到朱元璋,不能不提长35.267公里的明城墙,这个数据是最新的,用美国佬的军用卫星测量出来的。当年朱元璋采纳谋士的“高筑墙,广积粮,缓称王”的建议,借沈万三的聚宝盆修筑了固若金汤的城墙。如今以中华门城堡最雄伟,也是保存得最好。如果有机会,登临中华门,我们既可领略明城墙的雄伟坚固,又可以回味书上报上口头上的种种历史传说,还可以幻想种种可能的结果。当年,为了不按约定在五更鸡叫时还聚宝盆,朱元璋下令杀光全城的鸡。从此,南京没有鸡子,就吃鸭子了。南京的板盐、盐水鸭,皮白肉粉骨头绿,极具地方特色。至于其中详细故事过会一一道来。

为了江山社稷安稳,朱元璋建城墙;为了集中政权,树立朱氏子孙的威信,朱元璋比“杯酒释兵权”的赵匡胤更狠毒,造了一座功臣楼。皇上的心计只有刘伯温一人知晓,就装病告老还乡,临行前到中山王徐达府上——瞻园。忘了,这园子是朱元璋亲自在泱泱金陵挑选的宝地,建成豪华的王府作为自己当初的吴王府,后来登基作了皇帝,送给徐达的。军师悄悄说:“楼成摆庆功宴时,你要紧追皇上,寸步不离。切记切记。兄弟过此别过”。结果,除徐达外,其它功臣元老都随一声炮响而无影无踪。

清朝。南京遭到的罪孽与扬州相比较少,康熙赞朱元璋“治隆唐宋”,就是夸他功劳高过唐太宗和宋太祖。为什么?得民心者得天下。南京是明都遗都,反清复明的首领都集聚于此,清朝要国泰民安,想让鱼米之乡的江南搞好农业生产,就得收拢人心。康熙甚至拜明孝陵,乾隆六下江南也有这原因。

太平天国。清军镇压,无数军兵死于战乱。天王洪秀全本葬在荣光大殿下,后曾国荃令士兵掘墓、鞭尸、焚烧,最终真可谓灰飞烟灭。想想生前贵为万人之上的天子,死后连安身之地都没有。人生在此,在好好享受每一天的同时,再想想还有什么地方没去的,什么景点没玩的,什么好吃的没尝的,什么漂亮的没买的。短短人生几十年,少太了,我还要向苍天再借五百年,唉呀,那不成了老不死的了吗。扯远了。在当年烧成废墟的天王宫殿上建两江总督府,后又扩建为总统府。人们常说,北有故宫,南有总统府。故宫是封建文化的最高代表,体现了帝王之风;总统府是中外文化碰撞的火花,中西合璧。二者有相似之处,但也有截然不同的地方,帝王由故宫走向金銮殿,却从总统府走向坟墓。如今总统府是中国最大的近代史遗址博物馆。到南京不去总统府就等于去北京不去故宫一样,白来一趟。

南京的历史说个几天几夜也未必能够说完,先到此为止。接下来,我们即将到达行程的第一站——中山陵,这是伟大的国民革命先行者孙中山先生的长眠之地。

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篇20:2024南京夫子庙导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 706 字

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游完学宫,向东过贡院西街走数十米,就是江南贡院。利用这一段时间,我给大家介绍一下夫子庙的其他情况。夫子庙地区除了夫子庙自身建筑之外,还有更为引人注目的民风民俗、特色市场和风味小吃。

其一,南京人向有过灯节的习俗,六朝时期佛兴灯旺,作为帝王之都的南京,每至元宵节,灯火满市井,为全国之冠。明朝时放灯时间延长,正月初八为上灯节。十八日为落灯节,是我国历史上为时最长的灯节,那时南京人几乎“家家走桥,人人看灯”,由此,延至清代以及近代,南京灯节都极为隆重,以夫子庙地区为最盛。建国以后,夫子庙灯会在政府的支持和组织下,每年的正月,夫子庙的大街小巷、店堂铺面、河房屋顶都挂满了各式各样的彩灯,前来观赏的人群络绎不绝,熙熙攘攘,煞是壮观,其规模之大、延续时间之长、灯彩式样之多,在全国同类灯会中均名列前茅。

其二,夫子庙除了它的文化特色外,其商业文化也比较发达,首先是夫子庙建筑群两侧的东、西二市就以其丰富的工艺美术晶、古玩、字画及其他文化用品交易而显示出文化的商业性价值,其次在夫子庙还有小商品市场、花鸟虫鱼市场和古玩、珍藏品交易市场,体现了南京人的一种闲适心态和文化品位。夫子庙已成为现代商品云集的商业中心区之一。

其三,夫子庙还是南京四时茶食的发源地,随着各种节令的更替和食俗的形成,夫子庙秦淮小吃因时更新,各种茶食店铺,摊贩小吃,应有尽有,成为我国东南地区历史最久、最独具特色的饮食文化旅游区。从泮池文德桥至文源桥方圆百米左右的市面,风味饮食店就有数十家之多。可谓咸甜荤素风味迥异;东西南北各有千秋。最著名的店面有百年老店永和园、六凤居、老正兴、奇芳阁、蒋有记等,风味名点和小吃有数百种,极大地强化了夫子庙的区域性特征。

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