英文导游词(20篇)

Comes in front of Hangzhou, you certainly had heard "on has theheaven, gets down has Suzhou and Hangzhou" this famous saying!Actually, analogies Hangzhou between the adult the heaven, in the verygreat degree is because had Xihu. Since 1100, the Xihu scenery has thecharm which prolonged does not fade, her abundant posture beautifulfigure, makes one fall in love. Tang Dynasty big poet Bai Juyi leaveswhen Hangzhou also never forgets Xihu, "has not been able to throwHangzhou to go, one partly stops over is this lake." The poet said himtherefore does not give up leaves Hangzhou, its main reason is becauseHangzhou has a beautiful enchanting Xihu. "The world Xihu 36, centershould better be Hangzhou"!

Friends: Under on rides the ship along with me from the mountainshrine wharf to tour together Xihu. Before ship start, I firstintroduce Xihu the survey: Xihu is located the Hangzhou west end,three goes around a mountain, the east side borders on the urbandistrict, the north and south long approximately 3.2 kilometers, thething width approximately 2.8 kilometers, circles lake week nearly 15kilometers. The area approximately 5.68 square kilometers, includingthe lake in the islands are 6.3 square kilometers, the hydraulic meandepth 1.55 meters, most deep place about 2.8 meters, most shallow partinsufficient 1 meter, water-holding capacity in 8.5 million to 8.7million cubic meters between. Outside Su Di and the Bai Dike divideinto Lake Surface the lake, North In the lake, the syli lake mountain lake andthe small Lake Nanhu 5 parts. Xihu everywhere has the beautifulscenery, in the history except has "the money pond ten scenery", "theXihu 18 scenery" beside, what is most famous is the Southern SongDynasty chooses a name "the Xihu ten scenery", mother: Su Di springday dawn, the tune courtyard wind-load, the Pinghu harvest moon,breaks the bridge remnant snow, the flowered port view fish, south thescreen Wan Zhong, the split-blip inserts the cloud, the thunder peakevening glow, Three deep pools India month, the scull wave hears 茑. If connotationwhich selects by each character, they are: The spring, summer, fall,and winter is colored, late cloud evening month willow tree. The spotleft regardless of spring, summer, fall, and winter, regardless of thebright 晦 dusk, the Xihu beautiful scenery all has at times,everywhere all in characteristic. In 1985 commented "the new Xihu tenscenery". In take Xihu as in the central 60 square kilometersbotanical gardens scenic spot, was proclaiming the main scenery scenicspot has 40 place, the key cultural relic historical site has 30place. Summarizes the Xihu scenery mainly take a lake, two peaks,three springs, four temples, five mountains, six gardens, seven holes,eight graves, nine brooks, ten Jing assheng. On November 8, 1982,State Council Xihu will list as one of first batch of national keyscenery scenic spots. In 1985, in "the Chinese ten big sceneriesscenic spots" in the evaluation, Xihu is evaluated third.

Xihu is such beautiful, certainly is breeding many marvelous movingfables. Hands down before very the long time, the space had jade LongHejin on phoenixs to find a Baiyu nearby Milky Way immortal island,they pondered over very many years, Baiyu turned a light shining inall directions the pearl, where did this no. 3 gunpowder tea pearlyluster according to arrive, where trees evergreen, the hundred flowerswere in full bloom. Day after tomorrow the news will pass to theheavenly palace, queen mother of the west sends the gifted general tocome to snatch the bead. Jade Long Hejin the phoenix hurries to therope bead, encounters the grandmother to reject, thereupon youstruggle me to seize, the grandmother is thrown off in the place, atwo pine, the pearl falls the world, turned crystal clear limpid Xihu,jade Long Hejin the phoenix also descended along with it, turned jadeMt. Longshan (namely Jade Emperor mountain) with Pheonix mountains,forever protected shore of in the Xihu..

Xihu took the famous scenery place, many Chinese and foreign celebrityhave only one in mind to this. The Mao Zedong life Chinese CommunistParty 40 time comes Hangzhou, longest has fully lived 7 months longtime, he treats as Hangzhou "the second family". Mao Zedong frequentlycommended Xihu is elegant, but he before death never officiallypublishes has described Xihu the poetry. The Chinese extraordinarypersonalities like Xihu, the foreign friend is forgets to return toXihu. American former president Nixon two time comes Hangzhou, heacclaims said: "Beijing is Chinas capital, but Hangzhou is thisnational heart, I also must again come." Nixon the red Pine whichproduced the hometown California state has also given Hangzhou.

Our ship slowly started. I first entire You Hu travelling schedulesimple introduction: A link lake week-long scenic spot has a mountainand two dikes. A Shan Zhi isolated hill, the isolated hill scenic areascenic spot historical site reaches 30 place west, can appreciatealong the lakes has the Ling bridge, the fall 瑾 grave, west outsidethe Ling India society, the building the building, the Zhongshan Parkand so on. After isolated hill is the Bai Dike, gets up from thePinghu harvest moon, finally breaks the bridge remnant snow, after thebridge also has the famous gem to flow landscape and so on rosy cloud.Appreciates along the lake scenery, we will go to in again the lakethree islands, the pleasure boat finally approach shore in the Sovietdike.

Now the ship is going from the west to the east, each position arrivesis area the isolated hill scenery. West west the isolated hill meetsthe Ling bridge, east continually Bai Dike, elevation 35 meters, area200,000 square meters. Isolated hill scenery Tang Songnian has beenwell-known, the Southern Song Dynasty principle ancestor onceconstructed the broad in scale Western Pacific second grade palace inthis, divideed into the most place isolated hill the Emperors garden.Qing Dynasty Emperor Kanghsi constructs the temporary palace in this,Emperor Yong Zheng changes the temporary palace for the saint becauseof the temple, hid the temple with then spirit, only the kind temple,according to celebrates the temple and calls "Xihu four big jungles" " . Perhaps some friends want to ask that, Does theisolated hill since Xihu in the biggest islands, why have to name "theisolated hill"? This is because in the history this mountain sceneryis specially exquisite, continuously is called loner emperor to hold,therefore is the isolated hill. Says from the geology, the isolatedhill is composed by the volcano blowout liparite, the entire bird isand the land continually in together, therefore "the isolated hill isnot orphaned, breaks the bridge to be unceasing, the long bridge isnot long" is been called Xihu three certainly.

Everybody front looked again that link hole stone arch bridge, issituated at west the isolated hill west, the name is called the Lingbridge. It and broke the bridge, the long bridge and is called theXihu ancient times three big sentiments bridge.

Crossed west the Ling bridge, after the isolated hill in the foothillgreen grove had reveres the white marble cast, only saw this heroineleft hand to fork the waist, the right hand presses the sword,flashing eyes, held up the head front the gaze, resembled is seekingthe revolutionary truth. Who is she? She is our country womensliberation movement pioneer, for overthrows Qing Dynasty, strives forthe national independence and the heroical sacrifice "the warning lakefemale variant" the fall 瑾. This cast height 2.7 meters, the graveplace height 2 meters, on the positive tablet stone should have SunYat-Sen to write personally "the heroine" 4 large brush-writtenChinese characters. Fall 瑾 martyrs cast, for our one kind ofenlightenment: Xihus being well-known, not merely has occupiedvictory of the scenery, it multiplied the brilliance because of themultitudinous historical personage. In the Xihu scenic spot, by thereputation is "in the lake three is outstanding" Yue Fei, Yu Qian,Zhang Cangshui, but also has with the fall 瑾 for promotes togethernearly issues 0N anothers behalf host revolutionary Xu Xilin, TaoChengzhang which China devoted and so on, all has interred the WestLake lakeside.

Our ship continues slowly to go toward the east, each position sawfront whitewashes a wall together, in the courtyard then is the famouswest Ling India society. Right flank India society, this China and theWest combines and complements one another the construction, is hundredyear old shop Lou Wailou. Outside the building the building founded in1848, shop takes from the Southern Song Dynasty poet forest rises"outside the mountain outside the green hill building the building"the famous phrase. Outside the building the building resulted in theweather, the advantage, the person and then, has received many Chineseand foreign celebrity. Outside the building the building managed ahousehold the famous cuisine number Xihu vinegar fish, it was selectsin Xihu the grass carp which bred in the stipulation scope, was firsthungry in the clear water 12 days, except the soil taste, then boiledthe system to become. Cheng Caihou Xihu vinegar fish, luster redbright, the meat taste fresh and tender, sour and sweet is delicious,slightly brings the crab taste, is Hangzhou most has therepresentative flavor famous cuisine.

Now the ship sailed to the Zhongshan Park, the isolated hill mainentrance in here. "The mountain in is not high, has the immortalthen", the isolated hill not only is a scenery Mingshan, also is acultural Mingshan. Isolated hill status in Xihu scenic area thereforeis such important, is because it is containing the rich history, thecultural connotation, in the scenic area famously has "the Xihu worldscenery," also commemorates the Northern Song Dynasty to hideleisurely poet Lin Hejing to put the crane pavilion. After thesescenic spots and so on come ashore we to go to the visit.

Nearby the Zhongshan Park, we saw this group of buildings wererecently construct are completed "the Zhejiang Province museum". Thenthe surface exhibits on 姆 is crossing the culture to 7000 ago river,gets down to near modern cultural relic exhibit article 1,700. Behindthe museum ancient construction is Qing Dynastys imperial library WenLange, it is our country one of seven storytelling Chinese stylepavilions which "the Four Books" constructs for the collection.

Please front looked that prominent Lake Surface cement platform double-eavedroof alcove has unfolded us at present, this place constructs at theQing Dynasty Kangxi Dynasty construction, the name calls Pinghu theharvest moon. It is Bai Dikes beginning, also is Hangzhou three bigenjoys looking at the moon one of paradises. In the history Hangzhouperson midautumn festival enjoys looking at the moon has three bigdestinations: In the lake pushes one of three islands Three deep pools India month, onthe mountain should be the phoenix hillside 月岩 the scenic spot, asfor the shore, number this pale blue wind was clear, the water and skyaltogether blue Pinghu harvest moon!

Now each position saw front this strip "between willow peach" the tourcauseway is the Bai Dike. When our ship drives here, the Xihu mostbeautiful scenery presented in front of everybody. Looks! In the dikenearby two respectively has line of willows, the prunus persica,specially is playing, the willow branch exudes, the peach tree greenbright red, a piece of pink willow green scenery, the tourist reachesthis point, as if like near fairyland. The Bai Dike original name "iswhite Sand Dike", as early as in more than 1,000 year ago Tang Dynasty,is famous by the sight fluttering flags. It although manages the BaiDike with Bai Ju which constructs not in a position, but the Hangzhoupeople for cherish the memory of this to make the brilliantcontribution to Hangzhou "senior mayor", still named it as the BaiDike. It manages the construction with Su Dongpo the Soviet dike justlike in the lake two brocades belt, gorgeous is varied, enhances oneanothers beauty. Everybody looked again that, the Bai Dike middlethis bridge is called the brocade belt bridge, before is the placewooden bridge, in the name "contains the blue bridge", now changes thename as the stone arch bridge. In Bai Dikes terminus, to mediated thebridge, the span 1 kilometer Bai Dike from this but "breaks".

Breaks the bridge the name most early to take to the Tang Dynasty, theSong synonym valuable blessing bridge, Yuan Daiyou name is DuanJiazhi, before is the place mess stained ancient stone bridge. We nowsee this bridge although is the place very ordinary stone arch bridge,but its name and "the Tale of the White Snake" the story relates intogether, thus has become in Xihu a most famous bridge.

西湖

Talks about here, I saw some friends already carefully wereobserving, perhaps you immediately could ask: This bridge has notsimply broken, why has to name "breaks the bridge"? This question letsme explain. Breaks the bridge is famous Xihu one of ten scenery,because breaks the position back city surface mountain which thebridge locates, is in North In the lake and outside a lake minute waterdrop, the field of vision is open, is the winter watches the Xihusnowscape best place. Whenever the auspicious snow first clear, thebridge was open already Ice Disappears the snow, but bridge shady-sideactually or snow gleams white, looked by far, the bridge bodyresembled breaks must breaks, "broke the bridge remnant snow"therefore to acquire fame. Also, breaks the bridge also is Bai Dikesend point, comes the Bai Dike from the Pinghu harvest moon to reachthis point the severance. Talks about here, perhaps everybody alreadyunderstood, originally was "the dike breaks the bridge to beunceasing".

Fellow friends: The Xihu coast landscape introduced here, meets us towatch in the lake three islands.

First we look at in Xihu most Oshima "Three deep pools India month", also calls thesmall sea state. This is "in the lake has the island, in the islandhas the lake" in the lake the garden. The entire area 70,000 squaremeters, water surface accounts for 60%. The entire island assumes "thefield" the glyph, thing Lian Liudi, the north and south constructs thetune bridge, bends the bridge two sides, plants the big piece red, isbeing white assortedly Rests Lotus.

Next Surface Invites along with me on the island tour, Three deep pools India month thisisland, initially founded an armed force in the the Ming Dynasty Wanli35 years (in 1607), was with the lake putty which scoured piles upbecomes. Its essence lies in south side the island three pinnacles.Please looked that, Three towers stand like a tripod in the lake, thetower height 2 meters, the tower body sphere, is arranging 5 slightlyCircle Hole, the tower goes against assumes the bottle gourd shape, themodelling is exquisite. Every time brings forth the moonlit night,specially arrived the midautumn festival festival, the bright moon inthe sky, the people in the tower 内点 on candle, along mouthMongolia in the flimsy, outside the candlelight pass, by now "thetower shade, the cloud shadow, the month shade" dissolved a piece,"the candlelight, the moonlight, the lake light" enhanced oneanothers beauty, in the light refraction, three towers lightspenetrated 15 Circle Hole projections on the water surface, altogether had30 moon, added the early space in water 1, Lake Surface may produce aninverted image 32 small moon, presented "the day last month a turn, inthe lake the shade became three" the beautiful scenery, Really is"lake liquid gold wants to dissolve the fall", has says endless richin poetic and artistic flavor.

After that us to look again in the lake that upturned eave Curls upwards Anglepavilion, the name calls the mid-lake pavilion. It is in Xihu abiggest pavilion. Also is an island which most early builds in theXihu three islands, initially constructed in the bright Jiajing 31years (in 1552), the distance read had 440 years to have the history."Lake Heart evenly looks into the distance" is money pond one of tenscenery. Stands looks into the distance from a high place Xihu in themid-lake pavilion, 水光 the mountain color, gets a panoramic view,the Xihu scenery, is cover all.

The mid-lake pavilion northwest that island, is called Ruan Gongdun.Is Xihu three islands smallest, the area only 5,561 square meters. Itwas in Qing Dynasty Fine celebrates Year (in 1800), Zhejiang governor RuanYuan after scoured Xihu the silt to pile up becomes. The Ruan pillarfishes has become the Hangzhou resident holiday leisure the gooddestination, Ruan Dunye you Ze is a Xihu summer feature tourismproject which grandly promotes for each place Traveling person.

Swims in the lake three islands, our ship sailed to soon anchors inthe direction ---- Soviet dike. Everybody please looked that, Frontthis but weakly crosses Xihu from the south, in the span 2.8kilometers lakes the causeway is the Soviet dike. In the dikealtogether has 6 bedstones arched bridges, respectively is reflectsthe wave, the lock billows, looks the mountain, the pressure dike,Dongpu, the cross rainbow, the dike planter peach willow tree, thecotton rose, the formation "the Xihu view six bridges, a willow peach"scenery. Speaks of the Soviet dike, the people naturally can rememberNorthern Song Dynastys poet Su Dongpo, the local official which SuDongpo once two time held the post of Hangzhou, he organized 200,000labourers to scour Xihu, then the use lake putty 葑 grass, built thisto go nonstop to Roosts Rosy cloud the range foothill causeway from the southPingshan, the posterity for commemorate his merit, named "the Sovietdike". Now dike South End constructed "the Su Dongpo memorial hall" tovisit for the people, cherishes the memory of Su Dongpo the merit.

Fellow friends: The people frequently Lai Mongolia the lake analogy theHangzhou Xihu and the Swiss Geneva two famous beads which East andWest shines for the world in, is precisely because had Xihu, only thencauses Italy Marco Polo after explains Hangzhou is "in the world themost beautiful magnificent and expensive day city". Xihu does for thefamous scenic spot, receives the various countries state head to becountless. Therefore, Xihu not only is Hangzhous pearl, is Eastspearl, the world pearl.

Hello, everyone! My name is Fu Mingyue. Im a professional tour guide.Today I am very happy to accompany you to the world-famous Mount Tai.

Our browsing has started. Please pay attention to safety. Mount Tai has abeautiful and magnificent scenery. It is the "East Mountain" among the "FiveMountains" and the first of them. Dear tourists, we have come to Nantianmen now.If you look ahead, there are three big words "Nantianmen" written on thismagnificent gate, which is very eye-catching!

Please dont fall behind, lets go on! Mount Tai, also known as Daishan inancient times, is now a famous cultural and natural heritage. Mount Taisnatural landscape is magnificent and unique, with thousands of years ofspiritual and cultural penetration and human landscape contrast, known as theepitome of the spiritual culture of the Chinese nation. Mount Tai is a magicalmountain integrating natural science with historical and cultural values, whichhas both outstanding natural scientific value and aesthetic historicalvalue.

Tourists, this tour is over. Thank you for your good cooperation with me.If you are interested, please visit Mount Tai again!

Thank you. Bye!

Badaling Great Wall located at Beijing yanqing county JunDouShan ditch ancient road north port. Badaling consists of "eight DaLing", "bada ridge", "eight ridge", "tatar" the four kinds of harmonics. Badaling is the mouth outside juyongguan, north to yanqing, akagi, die zhangjiakou, equal, east to yongning, universal, south to changping, Beijing and other regions, is convenient, so it is a important traffic arteries and ancient defense outpost, known as the "Beijing north first barrier". Badaling Great Wall is open to tourists the first location of the Great Wall, badaling scenic spot to the Great Wall at badaling is given priority to, build the badaling hotel and title by President jiang zemin of China Great Wall museum, such as full-featured modern tourist service facilities. Badaling scenic spot to its magnificent landscape, perfect facilities is famous in the world and the profound connotation of culture and history. "Not a true man unless he comes to the Great Wall, badaling Great Wall is the ancient and modern Chinese and foreign people from all walks of life to visit in Beijing will come to that, so far, the Great Wall at badaling, including Nixon, Margaret thatcher, etc, have been established more than three hundred world famous people who hit the badaling Great Wall was xiuse view here.

Badaling Great Wall its GuanCheng is narrow east west wide trapezoid, built during Ming hongzhi 18 years (in 1505), jiajing and wanli period once repair. Something second east GuanCheng MenE topic "agent in town", engraved in the eighteenth year of jiajing (1539); Simon frontal topic "north gate lock-and-key", engraved Yu Wanli ten years (1582). Both doors to the masonry structure, coupons hole as a platform, on the north and south of Chinese Taiwan have their own channels, connection GuanCheng walls, and the stage build by laying bricks or stones around the crenel. Before and after the construction of pier 1316.

The Great Wall at badaling typically shows the Great Wall and style. As Beijing barrier, overlapping mountains here, the situation it is. Momentum is extremely powerful stretches the wall between the north and the south hovering in group of mountain majestic mountains, sight, no end. To both sides of the Great Wall more than line according to the mountain, steep cliff ancient books by "crash", the exact Outlines the badaling position of military importance.

Badaling is an important military strategic position since ancient times, the spring and autumn period and the warring states period to defense the northern nationality, in the built the Great Wall, still see the residual wall, pier remains, it leads in accord with the Ming Great Wall. Badaling is a mountainous overlapping JunDouShan at a mountain pass, in the Ming dynasty changan night said: "the road from then on, convenient, therefore the badaling, is the highest in barrier." Visible badaling geographical strategic position.

After eighty years of construction, the badaling Great Wall became chengguan associative, on the other side of the pier fort, heavy city guard, fire alarm system of tight defense.

Escort juyongguan badaling Great Wall is the gateway in history, from the Great Wall at badaling to todays nankou, grow in the middle is a 40 gorge, gorge zhongjian about city "juyongguan, the canyon hence the name" guan ditch ", and really grip the mark is badaling Great Wall, badaling on clearance groove at the top, two peak here, sceneries in a open, commanding, the situation is extremely dangerous. The ancients had "under the badaling juyongguan, such as building, such as looking well", "the agent of risks, not GuanCheng, in badaling". Visible at juyongguan is just a GuanCheng, true is built at the badaling Great Wall. Badaling mountain pass special terrain, becomes all previous dynasties mohican, therefore, here to build the Great Wall is very important strategic significance.

Badaling is the witness of many important events in history.

After the first emperor qin shihuang east tateishi, from badaling via datong, then drive back to xianyang. Queen mother XunXing shaw, yuan MAO shipments, the yuan dynasty emperor twice a year to travel between Beijing and on, emperor of Ming dynasty, the northern expedition, the article analyzes compromised, personal expedition emperors in the qing dynasty in Beijing badaling is. In modern history, the empress dowager cixi fled west tears in badaling, zhan tianyou in badaling hosts to build China is to build on our first railway, Beijing railway, sun yat-sen board the badaling Great Wall, etc., and left many historical allusion and precious historical memory, is history.

The Great Wall badaling Great Wall is open to tourists the first location. "Not a true man unless he comes to the Great Wall". Badaling has received so far, the Chinese and foreign visitors to one hundred and thirty million, successively with Nixon, Reagan and thatcher, mikhail gorbachev, Elizabeth, heath, 372 foreign heads of state and the world of many characters, the badaling sightseeing.

Each friend: hello!

Welcome the wulingyuan sightseeing, glad to guide for you, you will visit the place where is one of the center of wulingyuan scenic spot, is known as the "king of the hoodoo" son of heaven mountain nature reserve.

The world natural heritage wulingyuan scenic area including the zhangjiajie national forest park, SuoXiYu nature reserve and the son of heaven mountain nature reserve of the three scenic spots. Tianzi mountain scenic area is located in the northeast of the wulingyuan, south to zhangjiajie forest park, west and Yang Gujie scenic spot and the hometown of marshal he long sangzhi county, adjacent to the southeast and SuoXiYu scenic spot. Here originally is an organic whole repeatedly with huangshi village such as mountain peaks, collectively propylite mountain. Tujia people in the song dynasty, a hero to the big of dissatisfaction with the feudal imperial grip, led hundreds of thousands of bi nazca (tujia uprising, huge, shock in ones hand. The court sent army incursion, after decades of fighting, the final heavily outnumbered by the pap, combined with the rebels informers have led to the army, the uprising ended in failure. Kind of tujia people in order to miss the brave hero, the name of the mountain is called "son of heaven mountain".

Tianzi mountain from the SuoXiYu swim two way: a "li gallery" walk, by the "pagoda peak" to "wolong mountain", after watching the "west sea stone forest" reach "son of heaven pavilion" the top of the mountain. Another is a son of heaven mountain cableway.

Tianzi mountain scenery, pleasant climate, lifted up his eyes looked, qianshanmohe panoramic view. The entire scenic area by the house of stone eaves, tea tray tower, such as habitat house field, phoenix mountain, yellow dragon spring five an, covers an area of 67 square kilometers, tianzi peak 1262 meters above sea level, sea scenic spot has a flat swim total 16 km walk. Below please foot roaming, feel the "expansion of bonsai, miniature wonderland", enjoy the endless charm of the king of the "hoodoo".

We now come to shen tang wan. Shen tang wan is the most mysterious place wulingyuan scenic area. Generation rate of xiang when defeat has dozens of riding a retreat at this point, the thought of countless soldiers blood fought and his many years of wasted effort, brute, who jumped off the unfathomable cliff, men followed behind him jump down... A vigorous peasant uprising failed of tujia people. Many years later, a storm day, few people passing through, but hear the voice of people coming from a cliff shout neigh, as well as a variety of weapons to touch. This situation also happen in after several years, it is said that this is xiang refuses to accept after defeat, to continue to practice military forces in the valley, in an effort to make a comeback. Listen to the local villagers, shen tang wan consists of rock block level 9, someone wanted to into the adventure, but only down to 40 to 50 zhangs deep level 4, dark, evil wind howling, also with all kinds of the shrill cry, creepy, soul fly up. Portion of the liberation army in 1968 as the ganoderma lucidum and other precious medicinal materials, take the gun, using ropes and tools, only next to six pier dare not bottom go to, because looked down from the 6th pier, or eerie, bottomless, looked down through a telescope, can also see huge python and all kinds of wild animals. "Shen tang wan" since then become into a mysterious world.

From "shen tang wan" back for about 500 meters, is the famous "about", according to legend xiang was practice, step, water forces, here will be on the stage, to call the shots, that is how to size! Please look at the foot of stone mountain in the past, rough looking is desultorily, scrutinize is orderly, they eaves, spirit, terrible spectacle, neat and serious, is not like the war officers? It is reminiscent of the famous song dynasty poet su shi "topic Westwood temple wall" = "cross the truth. which, near and far different, not the truth, the good luck body is in the mountain."

Is in front of the he long park, built in stone eaves on the east side of cloud propylite, set up in 1985, 1986 completion ceremony. He long park is the only one in the wulingyuan humanities landscape, covering an area of about 3 hectares. Commanding here, see, look around the square, the scene. Park YuanMing successively by hu yaobang, jiang zemin inscribed, park has hu yaobang, peng zhen, Liao Hansheng inscription. Into the park, the first hit, people see is he long statue, it is 6.5 meters high, including horse weighing more than 9 tons, is the largest in China over the past centurys great men of a bronze statue, it is by the famous professor of guangzhou academy of fine arts, the famous sculptor Pan He design, guangdong foshan institute of ductile iron casting by the installation. The statue like a towering of wuling mountain.

Not far behind the statue, is "cloud propylite" observation deck, from here you can see the "west sea stone forest". Is a veritable mountain of sea, west sea thousands of peaks were surging as show in the fundus, rows, towering spectacular. Can according to different seasons and weather and enjoy the son of heaven mountain "four wonders" - the stone forest, sunrise, cloud organ, and winter snow.

Marshal looked he long, continue to visit the son of heaven mountain stone forest wonders. Please see the not far away, a row of beautiful delicate stone mountain, coarse fine, such as pens, and make such as cutting, jagged. It was one of wulingyuan "greatness" top ten "YuBi peak", according to legend xiang after defeat, had burned all the manuscripts, when he saw this several YuBi, think that use them to read documents and command hordes, now a slip between the cup and the lip! How does it face to face their home crowds, and indignation to several YuBi fall in the valley. However, pen reiki, be born ChengFeng, formed a "YuBi peak". If the hongxia, when the sky YuBi yi yi is unripe brightness, still remain some red ink pen. In 1994, the state issued by the ministry of posts and telecommunications "wulingyuan" stamps and first day cover, was published in 1999, "zhangjiajie international forest protection day" and "zhangjiajie through tianmen international flight grand prix" commemorative cover, 20xx issue of the "memory of general secretary jiang zemin to mark the fifth anniversary of zhangjiajie inscription" commemorative cover and wulingyuan tickets design, pen peak "in the background.

Friends, then please to "YuBi peak" across from the observation deck, to enjoy the beauty of the soul "" a bunch of flowers. Please pay attention to the central across the mountains, in the hazy mist has the beautiful image of a beautiful woman in the cloud and mist graceful. Her head hair dont, embrace spring flowers, such as the full moon, his mouth smiling, are lovingly flowers scattered on the earth, so called "love" a bunch of flowers. Legend has it that she is the jade emperors daughter, due to the attachment of human landscape, spirited away tiangong basket to himself, walked away flowers, it is said that this starts from the odd coloured different grass is her to stay. Because the fairy to descent, angered the jade emperor, the jade emperor in a rage will fall down all her life, so she became the flora here, guarded day and night this beautiful pure land!

Tianzi mountain scenery is charming, here folkway is simple, there is not, to tell the story of dont finish, no wonder people evaluate the tianzi mountain for "who knows right face, back to watch the world mountain". Let son of heaven mountain scenery for everyone is beautiful memories forever, hope you come again next time tianzi mountain tourism.

Anyang city is located in the north, in central Chinas henan province is located in jin, hebei, shandong, henan provinces interchange. She in accordance with the taihang mountains west, the north China plain in the east originated in taihang mountain and a huan water flowed from the city. The globe, anyang in 58 37 113 ° to 113 ° east longitude, latitude 35 ° 12 and 36 ° 22, covers an area of 7354.11 square kilometers, with Japans Tokyo, yokohama, and the United States were very similar latitude of San Francisco, Los Angeles.

Anyang north temperate zone continental monsoon climate, distinct seasons, sufficient sunshine, rainfall concentrated, pleasant climate. Annual average temperature 13.6 ℃, annual average pressure 1001.5 millibars. Annual rainfall is 606.1 mm. Anyang anyang county, tangyin, neihuang, huaxian county enjoys, linzhou city counties (cities) and wenfeng, north commissioner, vega, suburban area, has a population of 5.18 million. Among them, the city covers an area of 69 square kilometers, the urban population of 740000. With national cultural relics protection unit is corresponding to the digging, is located in the city of east no.107 high-tech industrial development zone is 24 square kilometers.

About 1300 BC, the 20th king of shang dynasty of China PanGeng have established their capitals here, since anyang city has a history of 3300 years. Through Chinas north-south artery beijing-guangzhou railway and 107 national road across the just found out that the ancient city of shang dynasty. In China more than 3000 years ago the pre-qin period, people who have created the brilliant agrarian economy here, built in the east of the metropolis.

Anyang is one of the seven ancient capitals in China, the national famous historical and cultural city. Here not only have shells, including oracle, bronze ware, and urban construction, culture, and there are many known as human landscape, such as: twenty-five thousand years ago in the primitive cave, ancient times two DiWangLing, zhouyi in the birthplace of the ancient city, take a character of yecheng, culture, hsi-men pao hong powers of paleochannel, loyalty of the yue feis hometown, etc. Anyang, natural scenery beautiful varied from small sea breeze scenic area, pearl spring scenic spot, and the charming taihang scenery, make tourists linger on. Unique air sports foundation, because of its creations of natural terrain and are very popular among parachuting, gliding sports enthusiasts. Has been called "the eighth wonder of the world" artificial tianhe red flag canal, and become a rare tourist attraction at the same time. Anyang city is located in the north, in central Chinas henan province is located in four provinces of shandong, hebei, henan, Shanxi Province adjacent to the place. Look from the Chinese territory, it is in the center.

It west relies on the taihang mountains towering steep. Taihang mountain is one of Chinas rare few north-south mountains. Taihang mysterious and beautiful in eight hundred, it hides numerous ancient amazing stories. Originated by the taihang piedmont a river through the city, this is the record of the ancient oracle huan water. Anyang is dry throughout much of Chinas north-south beijing-guangzhou railway line, one of the important station from anyang to the capital Beijing, railway mileage of 508 kilometers. Anyang is west and low in. Big with the beijing-guangzhou railway lines across the city west heavy love mountainous, hilly, belongs to the foothill of taihang mountain, the east is the vast plains, is part of the north China plain. The top elevation 1667 meters, in the west and east just 50 metres above sea level, the lowest ladder shaped clearly.

Anyang rich in resources, the main minerals are coal, iron, ore, marble, quartz sand, cement and limestone, etc., the main agricultural products are wheat, corn, cotton, soybean, peanut, etc., is a major MianChan District in henan province. Red jujube, honey, hawthorn, and walnut, enjoys high reputation both at home and abroad.

The ancient tomb has its own name, the number of sources, or reflect on accomplishments and praise, the end of the emperors life or the meaning of with auspicious and blessing.

In the qing dynasty emperor ling name generally by heir king James. Secondly, there is also a system in the qing dynasty, if meet with ling name and place name repeated clear zhaoling, place names must be change, this is called taboo. It is clear that DiWangLing name is extremely sacred.

Zhaoling mausoleum is one of the first year of shunzhi emperor taizong died on August 9th anniversary cremated when school palace. Zhaoling mausoleum of the origin of our predecessors have two different explanation, an explanation is imitated the zhaoling taizong account, another explained related to ancient zhao jose system. Put forward clear zhaoling imitation of zhao mausoleum is the qianlong emperor. When he in east tour shengjing martyrs zhaoling expressed this opinion. In fact, it is just the qianlong lines, zhaoling when name is qing peasant rebel army had just defeated li in Beijing, at this time of the Ming dynasty and li still has a strong power, whether it is difficult to clear, and it is hard to imagine the qing emperor taizong emperor taizong phase coordinate necessary. And so the qing emperor qianlong emperor taizong emperor taizong tied for is his political needs, its height was ruled by successive one as a model for the emperor, he in the twenty-third year of the reign honour worthy men of letters, coachable and listen, prosperous, known at the time to "dynasty", as the tang period, the height of the development of economy and culture laid a foundation. Qianlong equate the today face with its aim to comfort the world, qing jiangshan also can appear like han and tang dynasties, a generation of new millennium.

Second, speaking of zhaoling from zhao jose system is inaccurate. Zhao mu is the ancient patriarchal clan system, this system used in the order of the tomb and temple of 9 to fathers in the middle of the method, the arrangement of other various degress in ZuoZhao right jose order so on. Shengjing have three wing, fu, zhao mausoleum, one never play for ZuLing, the highest status, fu ling times, zhaoling rank third. If zhao mu system arrangement, yong ling should be in the middle, fu ling in the left (east), called zhao, zhao ling in its right is called the "mu". And current for zhao three ling, ling forever in the east, fu ling in the zhaoling mausoleum in the west, three tomb no zhao jose relationship at all.

Zhaoling name may be due to the choice of meaning ", "the word itself. The ancients to zhao word "clear" and "spreads" solution. Zhaoling mausoleum of emperor taizong weld is the meaning of martial arts are clear. And after spreads the meaning, to just so so.

各位游客大家好!

欢迎您来江苏大明寺游览，我是导游员小萌。今天有幸陪同大家游览江苏大明寺，共度美好时光，我感到十分荣幸。

大明寺位于扬州西北郊的蜀冈之上。它既是一座佛叫庙宇，也是一方风景名胜，由大雄宝殿、平远楼、平山堂、御园、鉴真纪念堂、栖灵塔、天下第五泉等组成。

大明寺殿内迎面坐着释迦牟尼等三尊大佛;背面为海岛，上有观音脚踏鳌头的立像。殿内东西两侧分列着十八罗汉，这里常年香烟缭绕，经声不断，每年元旦前夕，常有日本客人来此撞钟，以求幸福。

栖灵塔

西隋朝时，隋文帝杨坚笃信佛教，仁寿元年(601)他过生日，曾下诏在全国建立三十座供养佛舍利的塔，扬州栖灵塔，便是其中之一，唐代大诗人李白曾登临此塔，赞叹道：“宝塔凌苍苍，登攀览四荒”，称赞宝塔气势磅礴。

白居易、刘禹锡同游该塔，两人同龄，都是55岁的人了，但精神很好，兴致很高，在扬州玩了半个月，登栖灵塔是他们这次游览的高潮，白居易写诗道：“半月腾腾在广陵，何楼何塔不同登。共怜筋力尤堪任，上到栖灵第九层”。刘禹锡写诗道：“步步相携不觉难，九层云外倚阑干。忽然笑语半天上，无数游人举眼看”。

他们是以登上栖灵塔为自豪的，现在该塔修复，塔身方形，总高度为70米，共9层。塔为仿唐式塔，东西南北每面四柱三间，一门二窗，平座腰檐，出檐深远，屋面平坡，腰鼓形柱，直棂形窗。塔雄踞蜀岗之上，气势雄伟，古朴典雅，远观似孤峰耸秀，矗入云霄;登临则眼界顿开，胸襟旷达。

Hello and welcome to the new century travel agency, to attend the trip tothe Summer Palace. I am your little wizard, my name is high you can call me thewizard.

I asked: "do you know about the Summer Palace?" Chorus of answer: "I dontknow." That I will tell you! The Summer Palace is the royal garden museum. Orbig palace in qing dynasty the emperor and his concubines, play is hisflowers.

Now we now we are entering the Summer Palace gate, everybody is veryexcited! Must be yes. Enter the door to the Summer Palace, around the hall intothe famous long corridor. I cant see the other end of the everybody does itfeel like to stand in the gallery! Must be yes. We planted there are thousandsof flowers and trees on either side of the Summer Palace. This didnt thank aflower, the flower opened again. The aisle has more than seven hundred meterslong, divided into a total of 273 rooms. Each cross between supervisor on acolorful painting, picture in picture lifelike characters, really want toimmediately jump out of the picture. Please follow up our team, dont gotlost.

Walk the promenade came to the foot of the longevity hill, this is thelongevity hill, we are going to the longevity hill and have a bullish on theirchildren (son), please dont run away. Up to the longevity hill into the incensepavilion, you can see the Summer Palace in fundus half scenery. Its reallybeautiful! The last time please visit freely, two hours, after the visit, pleaseset to the specified location, dont forget the time.

All collection, people came in. We set off to the kunming lake, the kunminglake, I already bought tickets. You can sit on a cruise ship touring kunminglake. Should visit the kunming lake to the island to play. The ship I called oneveryone to go to the island to play. The bridge is seventeen holes, hundreds ofpillar, the above are carved with different posture of small stone lionsadorable. Below is the free play time. Please gather at the gate after twohours.

Todays journey is over, I hope you come after the Summer Palace.

Hello, everyone. Im your guide, Xiao Wang. First of all, welcome toBeijing Juyongguan Great Wall.

Juyong Pass is one of the most famous passes of the Great Wall. It is abarrier to the northwest of Beijing since ancient times. Juyong Pass is built ina 20 kilometer long valley between the mountains, which is the famous "pass" inthe capital.

Both sides of Juyong Pass city are "high mountains", with steep cliffs. Thepass city dominates the passage to Beijing. This extremely dangerous terraindetermines its military importance. Ancient military experts called it "theancient and modern defense of controlling the north and the South". Gao Shi, afrontier poet of the Tang Dynasty, wrote in describing the dangerous road ofJuyongguan and Guanxiong: "juepo is under the water, and the peaks are high.

According to the records of the Yuan Dynasty, the name of Juyong came fromthe immigrants who lived here when the first emperor of Qin built the GreatWall. Yong is the civilian soldiers who were forced to come. In fact, the nameof Juyong existed before Qin Shihuang unified the whole country. It was writtenin the spring and Autumn Annals of the Lu family in the Warring States period.It is recorded that "there are nine fortresses in the world, and one of them isthe mediocre". Juyongguan ranks the eighth among the famous eight Xings inTaihang, namely junduxing, which controls Jundushan. Although Juyong Pass hasalways been an important military defense town for a long time, its name hasbeen changed many times. It was called "Xiguan" in the Three Kingdoms period,changed to "Naqian pass" in the Northern Qi period, first called "Jimen pass" inthe Tang Dynasty, and then changed to "Jundu pass". From the Liao Dynasty to thelater Jin, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, it has always been calledJuyongguan.

After Zhu Yuanzhang destroyed the Yuan Dynasty and established the Zhuregime, Xu Da, the founder of the country, was sent to build Juyongguan city in1370 A.D., which is the earliest record of building the Great Wall pass in theMing Dynasty. This shows that Juyongguan has an important strategic position.The Guancheng built by Xu Da is very big. According to the ancient books,"crossing two mountains, thirteen Li on Monday, four Zhang and two feet high."After the establishment of Juyongguan City, there was a garrison of 1000households. In the second year of Yongle (A.D. 14__), it was promoted to Wei,commanding five garrisons.

Juyong Pass has been built in all dynasties since Hongwu built it, and thelarger one was in the early years of Jingtai. After the change of civilengineering, Yu Qian, then Minister of the Ministry of war, told the emperorthat Juyong was the gateway of the capital and should be on guard as soon aspossible. The stone plaque of Juyongguan is inscribed with the inscription of"auspicious sunrise in August of the fifth year of Jingtai".

Juyong Pass is also one of the most dangerous passes of the Great Wall. Ithas experienced a lot of war. It once conducted several battles that determinedthe fate of the imperial court.

In the fourth year of Xuanhe (1120 x A.D.) of the Northern Song Dynasty,the Jin Dynasty destroyed the Liao Dynasty. It was the Juyong Pass that wasfirst conquered, and then it moved southward to take Yanjing, the capital of theLiao Dynasty.

In the Late Jin Dynasty, the Mongolian troops had captured Juyong Pass manytimes. However, in the second year of Jiading (12__ A.D.), when the emperorTaizu led his army to attack Juyong Pass, the Jin soldiers could not attack itfor a long time because of the danger. Finally, the Mongolians turned to attackthe Zijingguan pass, and then went around Zhuozhou and Yizhou to attack JuyongPass.

When the Ming army destroyed Yuan Dynasty, it first attacked Juyong Pass,then drove straight in and won the capital of Yuan Dynasty. After 277, LiZichengs peasant uprising army conquered Juyong Pass, then marched into Beijingand overthrew the decadent Ming Dynasty.

In history, although Juyongguan was full of war, more often than not, itwas a peaceful scene. In 1971, in a tomb of the Eastern Han Dynasty found inHelingeer, Inner Mongolia, there is a mural "when the envoy moved from Fanyangto Duguan", which vividly depicts the prosperous scene of vehicles and horses inJuyongguan at that time. This precious mural is enough to show that Juyong Passwas an important gateway between the inside and outside of the great wall morethan 20__ years ago.

Dear friends: if there is a pure and fresh and soft curve taihu Xia Jing is fair and tranquil artistic conception, so autumn scenery in huangshan is stone rough wisdom of wild straight grand large spectacular performance. Because huangshan stone has both the north and the mountains of the male, and the southern landscape show, so akiyama is a rockery gardens most picturesque meaning. All rockery, with hanging rock cliff anhui yellow beach, the stone some store yellow in colour, some latosolic red dye. Fake the facing west, whenever the sun sets, hongxia, color is very eye-catching. In cliff stone gap, and pine proudly, its branches and leaves of green and brown yellow rock in contrast, just like a picture of akiyama picture. Mountaintop square pavilion, built in it, overlooking the surrounding landscape, overlooking green eroilor north guo, west lake, PingShanTang and kuanyinshan the scene again - a move into the park, it is also the Chinese traditional gardening techniques, borrow scene. In ancient China, to have a tradition of autumn day to look up. A garden stone is the commanding heights of huangshan, and devoted to render the theme of the autumn.

The appearance of akiyama high, complex internal structure. Caves, stone stage, Shi Deng, Shi Liang crisscross together with small and medium mountain building, visit the mountains form a complicated three-dimensional channel, it not only has the flat weave, more solid in front. Visitors, if you are interested, can be due to the mountain building, by building two mountains, again slowly to appreciate the design clever, stacked techniques of yangzhou famous mountains -- akiyama.

Looking into the south, from the Yellowstone rockery in the west of the three surplus building, there is a secluded scenic area, the main body of the buildings in this area is a north-south open, use walls closed small hall, the building feels like with some of the "Beijing flavour". Please look at these houses, small corner case become warped, roofing is smooth, modelling is more heavy, why is this so? Originally in the prosperous time in qing dynasty, emperor southern, in yangzhou. Yangzhou salt merchants economic potentiality is abundant, for the sake of so-called "process" of attack, trying to gauge the be fond of of the emperor, and thus there are a number of architectural design, landscape architecture is modeled after the Beijing gradually, some buildings in yangzhou garden also with some of the "Beijing flavour". This is called "leak leakage month" of a small hall is no exception. XuanShiPing in the south of the hall there is a stack of flower terraces, leaning against the south wall of the garden, on stage and xuan rockery pile up small on wall, this is the mountain in winter. XuanShi originated in anhui xuancheng, its color as white as snow, people call it snow again. The scenic area, the original is around the stove, the winter snow while sipping tea. In order to make the rockery when it didnt snow there is snow, then put XuanShiShan at southern boundary wall north of the wall, out of the hall, on the hill color is white, like snow did not disappear. Because xuan stone contain quartz, its color is white, but in the sun shine, such as puts its XiangYangChu, with some of the digitization, the theme of the snow in the winter mountain shadow, also visible fold mountain home to observe carefully.

XuanShiShan on the east side of the wall outside, it is a garden of the population. In order to make the winter means more, gardening home regularly arranged on the wall the 24 hole, formed a unique tracery picture. Whenever the wind blows, the mouth of the cave is the sound hole on the flute shaw, makes a different sound, like in the winter, northwest wind call with sound to assist the theme artistic conception. More mystery is that through the first few rows of leak leakage month round, see the spring scenery of the bamboo, stalagmites. I wonder whether there are any suggestion of "winter" friends.

The Red Stone Canyon, which is a rare canyon sight in north China withwaterfalls, lakes, pools and gullies, is highly acclaimed by gardening expertsas a “natural gallery for mountain and river collections” because of its grandand exclusive landscapes. The most splendid waterfall in the canyon is theBailong Waterfall, divided into three falls, measuring 30 meters in height. Itlooks as shiny as a huge silver dragon. A good place for waterfall watching isthe Heilong (Black Dragon) Cave, which is as long as 30 meters with absolutedarkness inside. Standing in the cave, you can not only see the marvelous fallsdashing down into the deep pools but also the perilous high stiffs, narrowlyseparated from each other by fast-flowing gullies so that the sky is scarcelyvisible. The spring water flowing down the cliffs splashes into water drops thatdazzle in the sunlight like colorful diamonds, looking like a unique picturehanging on the wall. Yuntai Mountain is famous for its grotesque hill, whichextends as far as eyes can see. The main peak, Cornel Peak, is 1308m above thesea level.It is said to be famous for a poem by a famous poet in the TangDynasty called Wang Wei, who worked out a popular poem when he climbed up themountain. The poem Thinking of My Brothers in Mountain Climbing Day fullyconveys his emotion of missing friends. Mounting to the mountain top and lookingfar into the distance, you can see the Yellow River winding like a silver belt.Having a bird view of the foot of the mountain, you can see chains of peaks likesea waves. The weather on the top is often unpredictable. All at once cloudsgather and wind blows,

with mist rising among the mountains. The mountains looming in the mist andclouds look so vague that you feel as if you were in a fairy world. Also, It hadbeen the secluded place of seven Bamboo Forest Sages of the Wei and the JinPeriod. Medicine King, Sun Simiao, once collected Chinese medicine here. Manyhistorical stories are spreading in the area related to some fames once visitedhere. Yuntai Mountain is famous for its numerous rivers, lakes, pools andsprings. Here we can see the highest waterfall in the country---- YuntaiSkyscraper Waterfall, which is 314 meters high like a huge pillar, reminds us ofa famous peom of Libai“ The waters puring down from thousands above of themountain, like the silver river dropping down from top of the heaven”. It looksespecially magnificent, forming a unique spectacle along with other waterfalls,such as the Tianmen Waterfall, Bailong Waterfall, Huanglong Waterfall andY-shaped Waterfall, dashing abruptly downward. Well,next spot for us is theQinglong Canyon here, renowned as “First Canyon in Central China”, attracts manypeople for ecological touring for its mild climate, rich water resources andvarious vegetations.

The Garden of Market in Qingming Festival Now we’re leading our way to thecity of Kaifeng. Kaifengis one of the 8 major ancient capitals of China. Thecity of Kaifeng was already in existence before 700 B.C. During the period ofWarring States more than 2,000 years ago, King Hui of the State of Wei moved hiscapital to Kaifeng, rebuilt the city and called it Daliang. Since then, Kaifengwas the capital of several dynasties. As an ancient capital, Kaifeng has a lotof historical relics and scenic spots. Some of them have been preserved, such asthe iron Pagoda, Po Pagoda, Xiangguo Monastery, Dragon Pavilion. They areprecious heritages of the Chinese culture. The famous painting Qingming Scrollis believed by some to portray daily life in Kaifeng. The painting, of whichseveral versions are extant, is attributed to the Song Dynasty artist ZhangZeduan. Have you ever dreamed of going back to Northern Song Dynasty in Chinaand enjoy the prosperity and culture of those years? If so, come to the Gardenof Market in Qingming Festivallocated in the old city of Kaifeng in HenanProvince. Find yourself in the spectacular scenery there and you are sure torealize that dream. The Garden of Market in Qingming Festival located on thewestern bank of Longting Lake is a grand cultural garden. It covers an area of600 mu, and the construction area is more than 30,000 square meters .The builtarea consists of several architectural complexes which are re-creations based onthe famous twelfth century painting by Zhang Zeduan of The Qingming Festival bythe Riverside.

When you enter the Garden of Market in Qingming Festival, a statue which is16 meters tall comes into view. This figure is none other than the artist ZhangZeduan, who holds his famous drawing of The Qingming Festival by theRiverside. This picture is a painted scroll which is 525 cm in length and 25.5cm in width depicting life along Bian River during the Qingming Festival. Thescenes in this painting are highly detailed and the spectacle is magnificent.There are large numbers of people and buildings. The people are shown in avariety of contemporary clothes that indicate their social standing andoccupations. The lively throng includes many animals and it is not difficult toimagine the sounds in the street scenes where the people are crowded and noisy.We can almost hear someone’s bargaining with a shop owner while others arecheering entertainers. The picture is like a live symphony of life during theSong Dynasty.

Now we can find these scenic spots such as City Gate Tower, Rainbow Bridge,distinctive shops and others which are re-created in the Park according to thescenes in the painting. The Garden of Market in Qingming Festival not onlyreappears the vast vigor of the Millennium Picture, but also makes the historyliving by flexible creative idea, makes tourists the sense of backward flowingtime by entering the park, just like passing through the space tunnel. Anotherscenic spot called Rainbow Bridge is a well-known feature in the Park. It is areplica of one of the ten ancient timber bridges. The bridge is 5 meters high.The first bridge was built in 1050, and reconstructed in 1998. Four 9 metershigh columns, two at either end of the bridge, replicate the poles that wereweather vanes at the time of the Song Dynasty. A white crane sits on a disk atthe top of each column and they turn to face into the wind, indicating itsdirection. As a scenic spot for folk-custom tours, Chinese authorities have donea lot to preserve folk handcrafts and folk customs. You can see the process ofmaking handicrafts, such as Bian embroidery, paintings for new years, enamelwares, tea ceremony, spinning and weaving, figures made from flour and sugar andfolk-custom performances, such as acrobatics, folk arts and performances ofbirds, fighting cocks and dogs. Here, you are not only a visitor, but an actor.For example, you can act as Mr. Right in the competition for marrying Mr. Wang’sbeautiful daughter and have the opportunity to enjoy the traditional weddingfestivities. And you can be the No.1 Scholar in the imperial examination tobring honor to your ancestors. There is a large amusement hall built in the Songstyle, where many amusement activities are held, including swings, balance beamsand many other amusements. As an ecological scenic spot, this garden was builtand forested according to the Market Day During the QingMing Festival. The wholegarden combines natural beauty with historical flavor, thus forming a favorableplace to have a true rest and evoke your full energy both physically andspiritually.

Yin Ruins Yin Ruins is at Xiaotun Village of Anyang City. In ancient times,Xiaotun was called Yin and it was the capital of the Shang Dynasty. So theperiod was also called Yin Shang. After the Yin had been overthrown, the citydeclined and the remains of it was later called the Yin Ruins. Since thefounding of new China, the Yin Ruins had been listed as the first group ofcultural relics under national protection. In order to preserve its culture, thegovernment built “Garden of the Yin Ruins” on the site. Today the garden isdivided into several sections with ancient objects on display. Because of itsgreat value in not only the historical relics of Chinese culture but also thehuman civilization of the whole world, Yin Xu topped the 100 GreatestArcheological Discoveries of China in the last century and it was listed in theWorld Cultural and Natural Heritage List of United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Yin Xu is revealing its beauty tothe world.

OK, everybody. Soon we’ll get to the Museum on Yin Ruins, the best museumfor the study of the Yin Shang Culture. The Yin Ruins is famous for threethings,i.e.the oracle inscriptions, the bronze wares and the ancient capital ofthe Shang Dynasty. As you know, China is one of the earliest countries todiscover characters. As early as 4,000 years ago, people used bones or tortoiseshells to record events of their social life. It is the earliest written form oflanguage in the world. Today we call them the oracle bone inscriptions, whichwere first discovered in the Yin Ruins. Well,let’s come to the main hall wherethe oracle inscriptions are exhibited. The oracle bone inscriptions were firstdiscovered during the years of Emperor GuangXu, in the Qing Dynasty. In 1899, inXiao Tun Village of Anyang City, Henan Province, villagers found many tortoiseshells and bones carved with letters and symbols, which unveiled to the worldfrom Yin Xu, an ancient city with a long history and splendid culture.Then morethan 16,000 pieces of bones and shells were found. But in the Shang Dynasty,they were used as divinations, when people were very superstitious. Theinscriptions cover a wide range of fields, such as sacrifice, wars, stateaffairs, weather, hunting, etc. Today, they provide important information forthe study of the Shang Dynasty. And the study of the oracle bone inscriptionshas become a new subject and is getting more popular among people. Since

then this place has become of great interest to worldwide archeologists,because those inscriptions have proved to be the earliest written characters ofhuman beings, the Oracles. Apart from the oracle bone inscriptions, bronze waresare another important part of the cultural relics discovered from the Ruins,which show that the technology of bronze casting reached its peak in the ShangDynasty. The bronze wares include vessels, weapons,chariots and so on. Among allthe unearthed wares, SimuwuQuadripod unearthed in the mausoleum area of the YinRuins, the largest and the most famous bronze sacrificial vessel in the world,is 875 kg in weight, 133 cm in height. Standing on the open plaza in front ofthe great hall is an enlarged copy of the original one for the convenience oftouring and appreciation, with the original one cherished in the Museum ofChinese History. With its unusual air of majesty, together with its elegance inappearance and intricately carved in patterns, it is considered a treasure inthe bronze culture of China as well as a glorious pearl shining on the peak ofthe world art. To cast such a significant vessel carrying such a great weight,advanced techniques and experiences in organization of laborers are necessary.As many scholars have pointed out, this huge bronze quadripod reflects theadvanced slavery system of the Shang Dynasty and the unusual power of creationof the people. Finally we come to the side of the imperial palaces and tombs.Lying on the southwest of the Foundation Ruins C, Fuhao Tomb is one of the mostimportant archeology discoveries in the temple. It is also the only discoveredand well-reserved tomb of Shang royal members since the science excavation ofYin Ruins. Now, let’s know something about the first woman general in Chinesehistory.FuHao was Emperor Wu Ding’s wife,both intelligent and courageous. Shehad bravely led the Yin army fighting in many wars and made great contributionsto the protecting of the country. After her death, Wu Ding built a large tombnear the palace to honor her merits. Buried together with her were many slavesand war prisoners as well assacrificial objects. The large numbers ofsacrificial objects are valuable cultural relics in the treasure house ofChinese art.

西安化觉大清真寺寺汗青久长，始建于唐天宝元年(742年)，历经宋、元、明、清各代的维修扩建，逐渐形成了本日的庞大古构筑群局限。其构筑气魄威风凛凛浮现了伊斯兰文化与中国华文化的有机同一，是迄今为止我国最具特色、生涯最完备、最典范的清真寺之一。

全寺机关呈对象向长方形，南北宽约50m，对象长约250m，构筑面积约6000m2。全寺分五进院落，每进庭院均为四合院模式，由楼、台、亭、殿构成。其庭院部署可以说在中国清真寺中独具匠心，与阿拉伯气魄威风凛凛的碉堡式清真寺气魄威风凛凛迥异。两岸闻名作家柏杨称其为“天下上独一中国式伊斯兰寺院”，它以清真寺的“另类”气魄威风凛凛在中国清真寺中独树一帜。

西安化觉寺是一座汗青久长、局限弘大的中国宫殿式古构筑群，是伊斯兰文化和中国文化相融合的结晶，不只是回族重要的汗青文化遗产，也是汉族和阿拉伯民族的汗青文化遗产，更是全人类的名贵财产。

Friends:

Today, Im going to show you a famous tourist attraction in Luoyang - Baimatemple. Baima temple is located about 12 kilometers east of Luoyang City. It isclose to Mangshan Mountain in the north and Luoshui River in the south. It hastowering pagodas, towering halls, long forests and ancient trees. Not far to theEast, the ancient city wall of hazelnut groves still meanders on the Yiluo plainintermittently, drawing out the grand outline of Kyoto, a great power in thepast. That is the former site of Luoyang City in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

Baima temple was founded in the 11th year of Yongping (AD 68) of theEastern Han Dynasty. It is the first temple officially established by thegovernment after Buddhism was introduced into China. It is the first BodhiTaoist temple for Buddhism originated from the South Asian subcontinent toprosper and develop in the vast land of China. Therefore, it has always beencalled "Shiyuan" and "Zuting" by the Buddhist circles. "Shiyuan" is thebirthplace of Buddhism, "Zuting" is the courtyard of the founder. It has playedan important role in the spread and development of Buddhism in China, in thepromotion of Ideological and cultural exchanges between China and foreigncountries, and in the development of friendship among the people of allcountries. In 1961, the State Council announced that Baima temple was the firstbatch of national key cultural relics protection units. In 1983, the StateCouncil announced that Baima temple is the key Temple of Chinese Buddhism inChina. Not long ago, on June 2, __, Baima temple was designated as a national 4Ascenic spot by the National Tourism Administration.

Baima temple was founded in the Eastern Han Dynasty. It was destroyed forthe first time when Dong Zhuo burned Luoyang. Then it rose and fell. At the timeof Wu Zetian, Xue Huaiyi, who was in charge of the construction, reached itspeak. The most recent large-scale renovation was carried out in 1972 to welcomePrince Sihanouk of Cambodia with the instruction of Premier Zhou.

The existing Baima temple is a rectangular courtyard facing south, with atotal area of about 60000 square meters. There is a wide square in front of thedoor. The main buildings in the temple are distributed on the central axis fromsouth to north. There are five main halls in front and behind, which areTianwang hall, Great Buddha Hall, Daxiong hall and Pilu Pavilion. On the Eastand west sides, there are bell, Drum Tower, Zhaitang, Hakka hall, Zen hall,ancestral hall, sutra collection Pavilion, magic weapon Pavilion and otherancillary buildings, which are symmetrical and well arranged. The two stonehorses in front of the mountain gate are 1.8 meters high and 2.2 meters long,with gentle image and round carving. You may ask, are these two horses relatedto the founding history of Baima temple?

On the foundation of Baima temple, the most popular saying is "Baimatuojing". According to records in Guans Buddhist books, one night in theseventh year of Yongping in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Emperor Liu Zhuang (the sonof Liu Xiu) spent the night in Nangong. He dreamed that a golden man, who wassix feet tall and shining on his head, came from the West and flew around thepalace. The next morning, Emperor Hanming summoned his ministers and told themthe dream. Doctor Fu Yi said: I heard that there is a God in the west, andpeople call it Buddha, just as you dream. After hearing this, Emperor Han andMing believed it, so he sent more than ten ministers, such as Cai Yin and QinJing, to the western regions to pray for Buddhist scriptures and Dharma. In AD65, Cai Yin and others bid farewell to the imperial capital and embarked on thejourney of "seeking scriptures from the west". In Dayue Kingdom (now Afghanistanto Central Asia), I met Indian eminent monks, such as shemoteng and zhufalan. Imet Buddhist sutras and white felt statues of Sakyamuni Buddha. I sincerelyinvited the two eminent monks to go to China to preach Buddhism. In the tenthyear of Yongping (AD 67), two Indian eminent monks were invited to carryBuddhist scriptures and statues on white horses together with envoys of theEastern Han Dynasty to Luoyang. Emperor Hanming was very happy to see theBuddhist scriptures and statues. He was very polite to the two eminent monks. Hepersonally received them and arranged for them to stay in Honglu temple, theofficial office in charge of foreign affairs at that time. In 68 A.D., EmperorHan and Ming ordered the construction of monasteries in the north of sanliyuroad outside Xiyong gate in Luoyang. In memory of the white horse carryingScripture, it was named "White Horse Temple". The word "Si" comes from the word"Si" in Honglu temple. Later, the word "Temple" became a general term forChinese temples.

When it comes to Baima temple, many visitors will associate it with thestory of "monk Tangs learning from scriptures". In fact, from the perspectiveof time, Baima temple was more than 560 years earlier than "Tang Monks learningscriptures".

The two stone horses in front of us are two excellent stone carvings of theSong Dynasty. Around 1935, master Seng Dehao, who presided over the restorationof Baima temple, moved them to the front of the mountain gate. As you can see,the gate is a memorial archway style hilltop built in the Ming Dynasty. In 1987,the top was renovated, and the three characters "White Horse Temple" on thewooden plaque was inscribed by Mr. Zhao Puchu, the former president of ChinaBuddhist Association. The three gates symbolize the "three gates of liberation"in Buddhism, which is called the gate of nirvana in Buddhism. The three dooropenings are all made of brick and bluestone. Some of them are engraved with thesurnames of craftsmen. From the font, this kind of stone should be a relic ofthe Eastern Han Dynasty, and it is the earliest cultural relic in Baimatemple.

On the west side of the gate of Baima temple, there is a huge half stonetablet, which is about 1.7 meters high and 1.4 meters wide. It is said that thistablet was written by Su Yi, a famous scholar and academician of the SongDynasty. Because its inscription is not written from top to bottom, but iswritten in several rows with short lines, so it is called "duanwen tablet",which is one of the six scenes of Baima temple.

On the east side of the mountain gate is the stele of the Yuan Dynasty,which is 3.5 meters high and 1.15 meters wide. This monument was erected in 1333A.D. and was written by Zhong huawencai, a famous monk of Huayan in the YuanDynasty. It contains the following words: "the man of shangmengjin, flying fromthe west to the west, was bright, and told his dream to his subordinates by ChiDan", "sent 18 people, including Cai Yin and Qin Jing, to visit Tianzhu in thewest, and met with samanga, moteng and zhufalan ”The inscriptions call BaimaTemple "Zuting" and "Shiyuan", and say "Shiyuan is in the middle of heaven, theplace of Guanyu Buddhism", which is in fact "the Enlightenment of Teng and LANmonks". Zhong Hua Wencai later went to Wutai Mountain, one of the "four famousmountains" of Buddhism, and became the first leader of Youguo temple. Thisinscription should have been written by him when he was in zhuoxi Baima temple.Regular script with inscriptions on steles is a rare art treasure ofcalligraphy. Therefore, the tablet did not leave the name of the person whowrote the tablet, so it became a pending case. But the font is "Zhao style".

In front of this East-West symmetrical building, on the east side is thenewly-built bell tower, in front of which are five "Mentou halls" built in theperiod of the Republic of China; on the west side is the newly-built Drum Tower,in front of which is the "Yunshui hall" built in the period of the Republic ofChina. "Mentou hall" and "Yunshui hall" have been set up as Buddhist lawlogistics office and tourism center.

To the east of the bell tower and to the west of the drum tower, close tothe walls on the East and west sides, are the tombs of two Indian monks. The twoeminent monks had been living in Baima temple for a long time to translate andpreach Buddhist scriptures, where they jointly translated the earliest ChineseBuddhist Scripture forty two chapters. They passed away in Baima temple oneafter another, and were buried in the temple. In front of the tombstone, thereis a tombstone erected in 1634, the seventh year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty."Tenglan tomb" is also one of the six scenes of Baima temple.

Now the main hall we see is called Tianwang hall, which is the first majorhall in Baima temple. This hall is named for the four heavenly kings. Facing himis Maitreya Tatu. He is smiling and amiable. He holds rosary beads in his righthand and cloth ribbon in his left. His image is vivid and interesting. He is asculpture of the Ming Dynasty. In the Buddhist temples of the Han nationality inChina, the first hall is usually dedicated to Maitreya. When people enter theBuddhist temple, they will first see this happy image, which will produce a kindfeeling to Buddhism.

The large niche above the Buddha statue is carved with more than 50 Dragonsof different shapes. The carving is exquisite, and it is the best wood carvingart of the Qing Dynasty.

On both sides of the hall, there are four heavenly kings, also known as the"four King Kong". They are: the eastern Heavenly King holding the Kingdom,holding the pipa; the southern Heavenly King holding the umbrella in his righthand, holding the demon in his left hand; the Western Heavenly King holding thedragon in one hand, holding the Pearl in the other; the northern Heavenly Kingholding the pagoda in his hand. According to a Chinese custom, one of the magictools they hold is different. They represent "wind", "tune", "rain" and "Shun"respectively. The four heavenly kings are a group of clay sculpture works ofQing Dynasty, which are burly and majestic.

This statue of Wei tuotian general standing in the north, known as the"Dharma God", is a clay sculpture of the Qing Dynasty. It is dressed as amilitary general and stands behind the statue of Maitreya. Facing SakyamuniBuddha, it is performing the task of maintaining the preaching ground andforbidding the invasion of evil spirits.

There are many pomegranate trees planted on the East and west sides of thetemple. People say that "may pomegranate is as red as fire", but in Baima Templeit is just the opposite, because the pomegranate here is white. Every April andmay of the lunar calendar, the trees are full of pomegranate flowers, crystalwhite, jade like snow, very good-looking, really "may pomegranate white assnow.".

The Great Buddha Hall is the second major Hall of Baima temple. On the eastside of the front of the Great Buddha Hall, there is a stele of "rebuildingBaima Temple" written by Huang Jin in 1556. The stone tablet is 3.8 meters highand 1.03 meters wide, which has important reference value for the study of thehistorical evolution of Baima temple.

The Great Buddha Hall is the main hall in the temple, where major Buddhistactivities are held. Todays Great Buddha Hall was rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty.Although it has been rebuilt by later generations, it still has thearchitectural style of the blind generation.

There are seven statues on the altar in the middle of the hall. The statueof Sakyamuni Buddha in the middle sits on the seat of Xumi, with a height of 2.4meters.

The statue here is said to be the image of his last sermon. In this sermon,he did not speak, which is called "speechless sermon". He only held a flower inhis right hand, which made people guess, that is, he "twisted the flower to showit to the public" at the nirvana meeting. The symbol on the chest of the GreatBuddha means that the Buddha has "boundless blessing" and "perfect harmony ofall virtues". Therefore, the body has auspicious appearance, which means "theplace of auspiciousness". Wu Zetian defined the pronunciation of this symbol as"ten thousand".

On the left side of Sakyamuni is mahakaya, the eldest disciple. In this"speechless saying", only he understood the real intention of the Buddha, so hebroke his face and smile. Later, he was promoted as one of the top ten disciplesof Sakyamuni. Chinese Zen worshipped him as the first generation patriarch ofIndian inheritance.

The standing statue on the right is Ananda, the eldest disciple. He iswell-known and has a strong memory. He is known as "the first of many stories".Chinese Zen Buddhism also promoted him as the second generation of patriarch whoinherited Buddhism in India.

On the left side of JIAYE is Manjusri Bodhisattva, on the right side isPrajna Sutra, which is known for its profound knowledge and wisdom; on the rightside of Ananda is Puxian Bodhisattva, who holds Ruyi hook, whose virtue isperfect and whose merits and demerits are boundless, which is known as"Xingyuan".

Sakyamuni Buddha, Manjusri and Puxian Bodhisattva are collectively known asthe "three sages of Sakyamuni". These are three clay sculptures of the MingDynasty. East and west stand by two statues to support heaven and man. They holdflowers in their hands and have a delicate posture. They are also called "Sanhuatiannv". When the Great Buddha preached the sermon, he offered support to heavenand man, and scattered flowers one after another in the high sky.

Hanging in the southeast corner of the Great Buddha Hall is a Ming Dynastybell, which was cast by eunuch Huang Jin and weighs 2500 Jin. It is said thatthere used to be a big bell in the White Horse Temple. When the moon is whiteand the wind is clear and the people are still, the monks knock on it. The bellrings all over the place, lasting for decades. Whats more, as soon as the bigbell rings, the big bell on the clock tower of the old city of Luoyang, 25 milesaway, will also ring. As soon as the big bell on the clock tower of the old cityrings, the big bell of Baima temple will ring. This is "the bell of HorseTemple". It is one of the eight sceneries of Luoyang, also known as "midnightbell". It is one of the six sceneries of Baima temple.

The southwest corner of the hall is Dafa drum. The bells and drums here areall the musical instruments that monks beat when they are engaged in Buddhistactivities.

In the rear of the Great Buddha Hall, this sitting statue facing the northis called Guanyin Bodhisattva. Because of its back to the Great Buddha, it isalso known as "sitting upside down Guanyin".

Now what we see is the third main hall - Daxiong hall. Daxiong hall,originally rebuilt in Yuan Dynasty, was rebuilt in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Inthe east wall outside the hall, there is a stone engraved with the supernaturalrecords of the Han Dynasty by Mo Teng, which was re established in the SongDynasty. Bi Wu said that it "has a unique typeface like the preface to the holyreligion, and the calligraphy of the Northern Song Dynasty still has the styleof Jin and Tang Dynasties, which is good and lovely." At this moment, the stonerecords the origin of the construction of Qiyun tower by Emperor Han andMing.

In the hall, on the ceiling. In the center of the hall, this hugedouble-layer niche with wood carvings and gold stickers is exquisitely carvedand resplendent. In the middle of the upper niche, there is a roc golden wingedbird, which kisses the human body. On both sides of the bird, there are threedragons in relief. According to Buddhist legend, the Dapeng golden winged birdlikes to eat dragons most. The dragon has no choice but to "complain" to theTathagata Buddha. The Tathagata Buddha draws a bunch of silk from his cassockand covers a dragon with a piece of silk. From then on, the dragon was protectedby the Tathagata Buddha and no longer worried about the harm of Mirs. TheTathagata Buddha also uses the supernatural power to make the offering changeinfinitely. By substituting the offering for the dragon, it meets therequirements of Dapeng golden winged bird and solves the contradiction betweenthe two sides. Both the dragon and the bird are happy. The design on the nicheprobably originated from this Buddhist legend.

The three main Buddhas in the niches are sitting on the lotus throne withknees on both sides. In the middle of the niches is Sakyamuni, who is honored as"Mahatma", that is to say, he is as powerful as a great warrior. As high as 2.25meters, the whole image gives people a sense of infinite solemnity, holiness andtranquility. On the left side of Sakyamuni is the pharmacist Buddha of the "pureglass world" in the East, and on the right side is Amitabha Buddha of the"paradise" in the West. The three Buddhas have the same shape and style.

Before the three main Buddhas, Wei Tuo and Wei Li were standing oppositeeach other.

There are eighteen Arhats on both sides of the hall. This group of eighteenArhats are sitting statues with different shapes. The height is between1.55-1.61 meters. On the west side, there is a arhat, wearing a corolla and askirt, which is a dignified and elegant female image, while the other 17 statueshave their top cut. Some visitors call them the eighteen Arhats.

The three main Buddhas, the two heavenly generals and the eighteen Arhatsin the main hall are all statues of the Yuan Dynasty. There are 24 MaitreyaBuddhas in the temple of heavenly kings. They were transferred from the GreatBuddha Hall of cining palace in 1973. They are rare cultural relics in China.Among them, the eighteen Arhats are the only remaining set in China and are thetreasure of Baima temple.

There are 5056 mural Buddhas on the East and West gables.

Wei Litian, standing at the back of the hall, is the only remaining claysculpture of the Yuan Dynasty in the temple.

The reception hall is the fourth major hall in the temple. According toBuddhism, Buddhists can be welcomed and guided to the western "paradise" byAmitabha Buddha when they have achieved certain achievements in their practice.In the center, the Buddha is Amitabha, with his right hand extending forward anddownward to make a leading shape, and his left hand pointing to the western"paradise". On the right is Guanyin Bodhisattva, and on the left is dashizhiBodhisattva, collectively known as the "three saints of the west", all of whichare clay sculptures of the Qing Dynasty. The reception hall was destroyed byfire in Tongzhi period of Qing Dynasty and rebuilt in Guangxu period. It is thelatest and the smallest one built in Baima temple.

Now, please come with me to the qingliangtai. It is said that theqingliangtai used to be a summer resort and a reading place for Liu Zhuang,emperor of the Han and Ming Dynasties, when he was a child. Later, two Indianmonks lived here and translated scriptures to preach. The first Chinese Buddhistsutra, forty two chapters Sutra, was translated from this place. Since theEastern Han Dynasty, it has always been a place for collecting scriptures. Thename of qingliangtai originates from monk qingruxiu, and is known as the firstof the six scenic spots in Baima temple. Such as Xiu Neng, Wen Neng, poetry,calligraphy and painting are good. He named the six important monuments in Baimatemple as the six sceneries of Baima temple, which are Qingliang terrace,burning Sutra terrace, Qiyun terrace, midnight bell, Tenglan tomb and duanwenstele.

The whole stage, with Pilu Pavilion as the center, is surrounded by theaccessory hall, monks room and veranda, forming a closed courtyard. PiluPavilion is the last main hall in the temple. It was rebuilt in the MingDynasty, with double eaves resting on the top of the mountain. In the middle ofthe Buddhist altar in the temple, the main statue is Maha piluzana Buddha, orPilu Buddha for short, which means "Da RI Buddha", symbolizing the light andboundless Buddhism. Pilufa, an important sect in Buddhism, is the highestworshipped by Tantrism (also known as zhenyanzong)

女士们，先生们，欢迎来到历史悠久的敦煌莫高窟，我是你们的导游，大家叫我小潘吧!敦煌莫高窟可是中国四大石窟之一哦!四大石窟还有：龙门石窟、云冈石窟和麦积山石窟。但是这些石窟都不能和敦煌莫高窟比美，因为敦煌莫高窟可是世界上最大的石窟呢!它的历史也很悠久，它修建于十六国的前秦时期，北朝、隋朝、唐朝、五代、西夏和元朝这几个朝代都修建过。说完了这些，就跟我到敦煌莫高窟中去看看吧!

你们看，这就是敦煌莫高窟西南方向的一个洞窟：西千佛洞，你们猜这个洞有多长吗?一定不知道吧，其实这个洞有2.5公里长呢!这些泥巴彩塑在这个洞里有34个呢，但是整个莫高窟的彩塑就有2415个呢!

各种各样的石窟大小不一，最大的第16窟达268平方米，最小的第37窟才高不到一英尺。莫高窟壁画绘于洞窟的四壁，窟顶和佛龛内。内容非常的博大精深，主要有佛像、佛教的故事、佛教史迹、经变、神怪、供养和装饰图案等七类题材，此外还有很多生活方面的画作。好了，说了那么多，我们就去参观下一个景观吧!

你们看，这个东西是一个九层的遮檐，也叫“北大像”，正立于崖窟中段，与崖顶等高，巍峨壮观。其间有弥勒佛坐像，高36米，由石胎泥塑而成，是除了乐山大佛和荣县大佛之外的第三大佛哦!

好了，敦煌莫高窟游览结束，欢迎有机会再到这里来玩。

When it comes to Wuzhen, friends who like Liu Ruoying must be familiar withher. From the time when she was photographing to becoming the image ambassadorof Wuzhen recently, it can be said that Liu Ruoying and Wuzhen have formed anindissoluble bond. Today, we will go to this millennium old town and follow LiuRuoyings idea to enjoy the beautiful scenery of the ancient town. It is oftensaid that one side of the soil and water nourishes another side of the people.Wuzhen is indeed a place of outstanding people. It is a land of elegantgeomantic omen. Many outstanding talents have been born since ancient times.According to the records of this town, from the Song Dynasty to the late QingDynasty, there were 64 Jinshi and 161 Juren in the town, and Mao Dun, a greatliterary master, appeared in modern times. It can be said that people thrivebecause of the town, and the town is named because of the people.

Since Wuzhen is so famous, we must be very curious about the origin ofWuzhen. Before the Southern Song Dynasty, Wuzhen was divided into two towns,Wuzhen and Qingzhen, with Chexi as the boundary. Wuzhen in the west of the Riverbelongs to Huzhou Prefecture, while Qingzhen in the east of the River belongs toJiaxing Prefecture. After the liberation of China, the districts of Wuzhen andQingzhen were unified and managed by Jiaxing City. There is another short storyabout the origin of the name "Wuzhen": it is said that in the Tang Dynasty, LiQi, the governor of Zhejiang Province, wanted to be a separate ruler and king,and raised his troops to revolt. The imperial court ordered general wuzan tolead his troops to attack. This wuzan general is highly skilled in martial artsand is good at fighting bravely, which makes Li Qis rebels retreat step bystep. When hit the Chexi River, Li Qi suddenly listed a truce. Just as thegeneral of Ukraine camped and rested on the spot, Li Qi attacked the camp of theUkrainian army that night. General Wu rushed to fight, and finally fell into thetrap set by Li Qi on the bridge. They were shot dead by the rebels on the spot.Although Zhang was defeated, general wuzans loyalty and patriotism moved allthe local people. In memory of him, we used his surname as the name of thetown.

It said something about the history of Wuzhen. Our friends go to Wuzhen toplay. What should we play when we go to Wuzhen? Its nothing more than eating,wearing and traveling. When it comes to eating, maybe most of our friends startto get excited. After all, food is the most important thing for the people.Dont worry, listen to Xiao Wangs introduction. When it comes to Wuzhensfamous food, I have to mention this aunt cake. Hearing this name, I think youhave guessed it. It must have something to do with the relationship between auntand sister-in-law. Its true. According to legend, in the Ming Dynasty, therewas a family surnamed Zhang in the town, who made a living by making pancakesfor his sister-in-law for generations. Because it is an exclusive formula,natural flavor is unique, so enduring business is booming. But there is anunwritten rule in Zhangs family. In order to ensure that the secret recipe willbe passed on from generation to generation, it is stipulated that the secretrecipe will only be passed on to the daughter-in-law, not to the daughter. Afterall, my daughter will be married in the future, and she will become a member ofother peoples family. When it came to the Ming Dynasty, my sister-in-law wasvery unhappy when she saw that her mother only taught her sister-in-law how tomake cakes. After all, my sister-in-law has only been married to my family formore than a year, and I have been in this family for more than ten years, and mymother has never taught me. So I couldnt get along with my sister-in-laweverywhere. One day, when my sister-in-law was making cakes, it began to rain.So my sister-in-law said to her sister-in-law, "sister-in-law, its rainingoutside. Go and collect your clothes quickly.". My sister-in-law ran out as soonas she heard that. When my sister-in-law saw that her sister-in-law was out, shewas angry, but secretly grabbed a bar of salt and threw it into the pan.Coincidentally, todays guests who ate Aunt Zhangs Pancakes all said thattodays Pancakes taste unusual and better than before. My sister-in-law isstrange. Im still doing the same thing as before. How can it be different

Well. So she ate a piece of it herself, and she felt that the taste wasreally abnormal.

At this time, my sister-in-law began to talk. "Sister in law, if you wantto understand why the cake tastes so good today, and if you want to make it sogood every day in the future, tell me the secret recipe for making the cakefirst." sister in law, however, told her the recipe for making the cake. Ofcourse, my sister-in-law is also very honest to tell her how to do somethingbad, but it backfires and its a blessing in disguise. Because the practice atthe moment is shared by my sister-in-law, so I named this cake "sister-in-lawcake". After the visit, you may as well buy some for free activities. Aftersaying "sister-in-law cake", of course, we have to talk about the specialproduct of Wuzhen, "three Baijiu". Three Baijiu is handmade naturally. Becausewhite rice, white noodles and white water are used as raw materials, it iscalled "three Baijiu". Others are Hangzhou white chrysanthemum, white water fishand braised pork. After dinner, we can order some to taste.

After talking about eating, lets get to the point. Blue calico is one ofthe specialties of Wuzhen, commonly known as "lime calico" and "calico". It is atraditional folk craft in China. It is made of cotton thread, soybean powder andbluegrass juice. It is purely hand-made and environmentally friendly. You canbuy some small things. For example, a lady who loves beauty can buy one or twoblue calico headscarves and small handbags as souvenirs. I suggest you dont buyclothes, because at the moment, no one is willing to wear these kinds ofclothes. Secondly, blue calico is easy to fade. When its hot, its not good towear this kind of clothes and sweat all over the body like a leopard. ha-ha.Others are handmade cotton shoes and slippers. We buy at our own discretion.

Next, Ill introduce the most important tour to you, so that you can graspthe key points and be targeted when you visit. As I said just now, Wuzhen is thehometown of Mao Dun, a great literary scientist, so naturally, Mao Duns formerresidence must be visited. To visit the water town is nothing more than to seethe architecture and taste the folk customs. And the "street pillow water, pinkwall Daiwa" is the common features of water architecture, since we have to seeits most distinctive things in Wuzhen. The architectural features of Wuzhen areconcentrated in the Xiuzhen temple and the ancient stage at the head of thetown. So you must not miss the first scenic spot of Xiuzhen temple. There is ascenic spot announcer in the temple to explain to you. I will send the ticketsto you at the gate when I go in. After visiting the first scenic spot, those whoare willing to visit with me will follow me, and those who are not willing toplan to move freely with me will be able to move freely. Lets go back to theintroduction of you. As the saying goes, "ten li is not the same sound, hundredLi is not the same vulgar.". It is estimated that Nanjing is 500 li away fromWuzhen, so the folk customs are even more different. Wuzhen just provides uswith a platform to watch folk customs. There are many pavilions in the town,such as Jiangnan wood carving exhibition hall, Hongtai dyeing workshop bluecalico exhibition hall, Jiangnan hundred beds hall, folk custom hall and so on.Later, Xiao Wang will show you around one by one.

Everybody is good: "Im in anhui, the tour guide is welcome to anhuitourism, the places of interest in anhui but countless familiar huangshanmountain, tianzhu mountain, jiuhua mountain!"

When it comes to anhui, you will be thought of "world a strange mountain"the laudatory name of huangshan. Below I will introduce to introduce you tohuangshan.

Huangshan is the "three mountains mountains" in one of the "threemountains". Pines, rocks, sea of clouds, hot springs, hence four uniquehuangshan.

Huangshan mountain peak seventy-two, natural, and tiandu feng, lotus peak,the light spread out around the three main as the center to.

Huangshan pines, the stone for the mother, in the cloud, for milk,seventy-two peak, everywhere ching touched, such as a magic paintbrush, thehuangshan mountain in the five hundred on the colour of life.

Apart from the phoenix wings to fly loose, also dont say that whisper songharp loose, but the mountains everyday pines, huangshan is enough to put thedeck of the beautiful, wonderful, no wonder the ancients said: "the beauty ofhuangshan began in loose."

Huangshan mountain hot springs in 15, of which is known as the "fourunique" huangshan, one of the hot spring (so called essence), also known asvermilion spring, there are two entrances and exits. Hot spring water is givenpriority to with containing bicarbonate, since development in tang dynasty,famous in one thousand.

Sea of clouds is first wonders of huangshan, huangshan mountain sinceancient times is regarded as a sea of clouds. The "four unique" of huangshan,one of the first is the sea of clouds, thus, sea of clouds is dressed up the"wonderland" magic beautician. Cloud in the name, who can say no? The wonders inthe sea, so sea unreal peaks clouds, imagery, imagine that even millions!

Listen to me so much, are you move? As the saying goes: "seeing isbelieving, see the less experience." I will not say everyone to experience ofhuangshan! After went to, youll be "returned from five mountain, mounthuangshan return from yue." Speak is so right!

Andy scenic spot located at the side of the east suburb of kunming mingfeng, covers an area of 1773 mu of 8 km away from downtown. Mirage resorts to create next thirty years wanli (1602) Ming chongzhen decade (1637) moved tongdian struck binchuan chicken foot mountain, the qing emperor kangxi 10 years (1671), the day the king wu sangui reconstruction of the existing building double-hipped roof mountain type zhenwu bronze, bronze weighing 250 tons, is Chinas largest copper construction, it is the Summer Palace in Beijing mirage of the longevity hill intact; More than, the wudang mountain in hubei Andy is the largest remaining pure copper temple in China. The famous Andy belongs to taihe palace, as part of the total weight of 250 tons, for double-hipped roof flying pavilion imitation wood square building, the temple 6.7 meters high, 6.2 meters wide, deep, including stone, corrugated roof eaves beams, statues, curtain, bottle opener, you had plaque jacaranda with banners, etc were bronze.

Andy since with Chen bin Yu Wanli nonyl Yin (1602) years, ding, has more than 380 years; Wu sangui reconstruction has more than 210 years. Built during Ming wanli period. With Chen bin modeled on hubei all counties within the territory of mount wudang tianzhufeng taihe palace and mirage, built a little change. The late Ming dynasty ruled yunnan mus evil, court repeatedly being disciplined, family decline. But, he is not on its own to find root cause, and to seek relief from the superstition. Letter is: YingWuShan in the east of the city, the mountain stands the bronze, "copper is the genera, of the west can g wood", so the tour by Zhang Feng He, mount tongdian down to chicken feet of western yunnan, fengshan mirage, existing Wu Sanjia rebuilt at the beginning of the qing dynasty. There were "on the beam, the qing emperor kangxi 10 years, were the big lv, ten door day, the day prince wu sangui worship", etc.

From the bottom up the car and walk, fairy bridge, into the "mingfeng", "first tianmen", "two tianmen" and "three doors. Climbing the tianmen, visible ancient grave taihe palace gate. Al cloud: "painting lianyun, three acres of castle peak, zhu LouYing, dont drive wizard a heavy day". Again into the temple gate, lingxingmeng door, visible stand tall brick city, blow about several zhangs, just like the Forbidden City. Along the order into the "city", right against the face high steps and is the center of the taihe palace architecture, famous mirage. Spot with three layers of 36 wing Angle of 29 meters high tower, the third floor of the dome, hung Ming yongle (1432) 21 years big bronze, cast by 3.5 metres high, caliber 6.7 meters circumference, 14 tonnes, to yunnans largest antique clock. New "China golden expo garden", the wudang mountain in hubei, wutai mountain in shanxi, shandong taishan, and Beijing copper building housed a garden of the longevity hill. Estates in the pile of marble, Bridges water, step rail, road Shi Fang, plant flowers, such as landscape set each other off, form small and exquisite imitation bronze culture landscape. Andy botanical garden has 500 acres of gardens, has built the tea garden, azalea garden, magnolia, rose garden, WenShi District ten park, introduction of more than 20xx kinds of garden plants. Andy area is a combination of humanities landscape, natural landscape features of tourist attractions. Seven kilometers to the northeast in the city of kunming on phoenix mountain, have completely in bronze casting bronze, a house in the hot sun yi yi is unripe brightness, dazzling, so people called the mirage, is key protected cultural relics in China.

Spring city in qing dynasty kangxi nine years (AD 1670), wu sangui after peasant uprising, the rate of division into ju kunming, reconstruction of mirage. Can be seen on the mirage girders now ", the qing emperor kangxi 10 years, were the major of ji lu month (October) 6, day prince wu sangui to build "the copper. The inside of the Buddha, signboards, beams, level, doors and Windows, panlong, decoration and so on are made of bronze. Andy, floor, the steps of the railings are unique marble build by laying bricks or stones. The whole house majestic, beautiful and easy. Outside the temple built with walls, gates, battlements. The city on the floor. In behind the side, there are thick folded more than two strains of camellia one individual plant and crape myrtle, legend has it for the kind of the Ming dynasty, before and after the Spring Festival every year, thousands of camellia flowers in full bloom, bonus as fire.

以石头城为中心，清凉山、石头城等古迹名胜，与山、水、城、林交融一体，形成虎踞壮观、古朴自然、幽雅寂静的景观特色。

莫愁湖公园位于水西门外，相传湖滨曾居住过少女莫愁而名。历史上有关莫愁女的传说流传很广，说法不一。后为明初中山王徐达的私家花园。园内有胜棋楼、郁金堂、湖心亭、赏荷厅等景点。荷风芦雪，揽胜四时，被称为“金陵第一名胜”和“南京第一名湖”，在清代金陵四十八景中得“莫愁烟雨”的美誉。

清凉山位于城西汉中门内，石城虎踞即指今清凉山。园内古木参天，山势险要，古迹甚多，主要名胜有清凉寺、扫叶楼、崇正书院、驻马坡等。

乌龙潭公园位于清凉山东，以湖光山色为胜，清幽典雅，花木扶疏，历史上曾享有“城西之冠”的盛誉。环潭景点布局精巧合理，建筑典雅工致。

中华织锦村位于江东门，展示了中国各民族的织锦技艺，除收藏有不同民族、不同时代的织机和织锦实物外，还现场向游客表演织锦的生产过程和工艺。游人至此，可以了解中国织锦工艺的历史和技艺，购买各种精美名贵的织锦工艺品。

4、大江风貌区

本景区借万里长江奔腾之势，以山秀、洞幽、江深、矶奇为特色，沿江三十里散布着燕

子矶等众多的名胜。建成于1968年，是一座由我国自己设计建造的双层双线公路、铁路两用桥。铁路桥全长6772米，宽14米，公路桥全长4589米，宽19.5米。正桥的路栏上，镶嵌着200幅浮雕，正桥两端建有4座高70米的桥头堡。南北两岸的公路引桥由富有民族特色的双孔双曲拱桥组成。大桥建成后，天堑变通途，“天堑飞虹”遂成为金陵新四十景之一。

燕子矶位于城北观音门外东北直渎山。因石峰突兀临江，三面悬绝，远眺此处，形若燕子展翅，凌空欲飞，故名燕子矶。燕子矶总扼大江，地势险要，矶下浪涛轰鸣，潮涌壮观，自古以来是过江的重要渡口，也是军事要地。明代以后，燕子矶成为文人墨客登临抒怀的游览胜地。矶顶有御碑亭，登上矶头，遥望江北，江天一色。入夜，燕子矶上明月如水，碎银满江，“燕子夕照”亦为金陵美景之一。

5、栖霞风景区

位于南京东北郊，区内主要景点有：栖霞山、栖霞寺、舍利塔、千佛岩、南朝陵墓群及石刻。

栖霞寺位于栖霞山中峰西麓，始建于南齐永明七年(489年)，至今已有1500年历史，南朝时成为江南三论宗的祖庭。与山东长清的灵岩寺、湖北荆山的玉泉寺、浙江天台的国清寺齐名，并称“天下四大丛林”。现寺院为清光绪三十四年(1908年)重建，是南京地区最大的佛寺。寺内有鉴真大师纪念堂、国内著名的藏经楼。藏经楼南侧有建筑精美、风格独特的舍利塔及名闻中外的石窟——千佛岩。中国佛学院栖霞寺分院即设在寺内，是江苏地区的佛教中心。

南朝石刻南京周围保存着丰富的六朝文物古迹，在市区东北郊太平门外甘家巷、太平村一带就有30多处南朝帝王陵墓石刻。石刻可分为帝王陵和王公贵族墓两类，帝王陵前的石兽是天禄、麒麟，王公贵族墓前的石兽是辟邪。南朝陵墓石刻已历经1500多年的沧桑，至今仍较完好，尤其是那些石兽，昂首挺胸，飞跃灵动，惹人喜爱。

6、南郊风景区

包括雨花台、菊花台、牛首山、祖堂山等景点。这里风景优美，历史遗迹众多。六朝时期，这一带寺庙林立，其中以大报恩寺、天界寺最为著名，原大报恩寺佛塔是中世纪世界七大奇观之一。南郊还是历代墓葬的集中地，在地下蕴藏了大量的极其珍贵的历史文物。

渤泥国王墓在南郊的乌龟山南麓。渤泥国，即今文莱国，明永乐六年(1408年)八月，渤泥国王麻那惹加那乃亲率妻儿及王室成员来北京，朝见明皇，受到明成祖的热烈欢迎。但因水土不服，客死他乡。临终留下遗嘱：“体魄托葬中华”。明成祖十分悲痛，以王侯的礼仪安葬了这位异邦君主。

江南最大的地下宫殿——南唐二陵位于祖堂山的西南麓，即南唐先主李?与中主李瞡的陵墓，李?墓称钦陵，李瞡墓称顺陵。钦陵规模较大，有前、中、后三间主室，十间侧室，前、中室为砖结构，后室为石结构。中室墓壁上绘有鲜艳的彩画，图案有牡丹、莲花、宝相、海石榴、云气纹等。据专家考证，这是国内现存最早的附属在柱枋部分的彩画遗迹，在建筑史和艺术史上都具有极高的价值。顺陵位于钦陵西侧，结构与钦陵相近，但规模较小。

Everybody is good! Now we came to the headwaters of the Yangtze river three gorges, it is divided into the qutang gorge, wu gorge and xiling. The sons of li bai in the three gorges once wrote "the early onset treasure", then the poem is widely circulated, people also full of love, for the three gorges today let us to go to the beautiful three gorges.

In the three gorges, just have to say this mountain here, it has the majestic mount tai, huangshan has completed, have the beauty of the fragrant hills. Now we look, on both sides is the continuous mountains, deftly will keep out the sun; The outline of darkness in zhongshan. It is said that only in the midday and midnight to see the sun and the moon. Upon the high mountain, towering old trees, jagged. Mountain stream between hanging a white satin, jet whipping, we can feel the face is covered with layers of water vapor. In the mountains, the lush jungle, river boat, does not have a poetic.

The quiet of the three gorges water without the west lake, also no turbidity of the Yangtze river, is various. The summer, the river water rose, will be a hillock blackish green jade river is an organic whole repeatedly, if in the spring and winter, heres another amorous feelings! Ok, I not much said, or listening to the sounds of virtual, seeing is believing, you to witness the most beautiful of the three gorges together!

he Ming Tombs are 40 kilometers north of Beijing City on the southernslopes of Tianshou Mountain. They are the burial grounds of 13 Ming Dynastyemperors. In July 20___ the site was designated a world cultural heritage siteby UNESCO.

Empress Xu died in the 5th year of Yongle (1407). Zhu Di sent

Zhao Hong, secretary of the Ministry of Rites and a geomancer----LiaoJunqing along with many others to Beijing in search of an auspicious place forthe tombs. It is said that this group of people first selected the area of TuJia Ying, which means slaughter-house, and as such, it couldnt be used as theburial ground. Next they selected the foot of Yangshan Mountain, Changping.However, since the surname of the emperor (Zhu) is a homophone for pig andbecause a village named wolf mouth ravine was located there, they decidedagainst using that area. Later, they found Yan-jiatai west of Beijing. Again,since Yanjia was the homonym of the death of the emperor, it was also deemedunsuitable. It was not until the 7th year of Yongle (1409), that they finallychose the present Heavenly Longevity Mountain as their cemetery grounds.

The whole area covers 40 square kilometers. It has mountains to its east,west and north, and Dragon Mountain and Tiger Mountain are on either side of itssouthern entrance. The 13 tombs go from north to south. They are arranged in themanner of the Imperial Palace, with the administration area in the front andliving quarters in the rear. In front of the tombs are divine passes, stonearchways and steel towers. The Precious City and Ming Tower stand over theUnderground Palace.

There were 16 emperors during the Ming Dynasty. Buried in the Ming tombs,are 13 Ming emperors and 23 empresses, as well as many concubines, princes,princesses and maids. The other 3 emperors, Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, Zhu Yunwenand Zhu Qiyu are buried in other locations.

The founder of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, established his capital inpresent day Nanjing where he was buried after his death. His tomb is calledXiaoling (Tomb of Filial Piety).

The body of the second emperor of the Ming, Zhu Yunwen, is missing. Somesaid that he died in a fire, while others said that he went to a temple andbecame a monk. There is no final conclusion yet.

The seventh Ming Emperor Zhu Qiyu, was buried as a prince by his elderbrother Zhu Qizhen at Jinshankou, a western suburb of Beijing, because in theTumubao Upheaval, Emperor Zhu Qizhen became a captive and the younger brother ofZhu Qizhen. Zhu Qiyu was chosen as the new emperor, but later Zhu Qizhen wasback and proclaimed his re-enthronement in the Seizing Gate Upheaval.

The Memorial Arch was built in the 19th year of Jiajing (1540) as a symbolof the Ming Tombs. It is 14 meters high and 28. 86 meters wide, and has 5 archessupported by 6 pillars with beautiful bas-relief carvings of lions, dragons andlotus flowers. The Memorial Arch is the biggest and the most exquisite stonearch preserved in the country today. The major designs of dragon and clouddecorations reflect the character of imperial architecture. In addition, it alsodemonstrates the skillful artistry of the Ming craftsmen.

The Big Palace Gate is the front gate of the Ming Tombs, and is morecommonly known as Big Red Gate. Facing south, there are three arch entrances tothe gate, the main inlet to the Ming Tombs. Flanking the gate are two stonetablets, inscribed with orders for the emperor, officials and other people todismount, before entering into the tomb area. If they did not obey, they wouldbe punished for their disrespect. The rules governing the Ming Tombs in the MingDynasty, stipulate that one who sneaks into the tomb area to pick firewood andbreak twigs would be flogged. Those who came to fetch dirt and stone would bebeheaded. Those who entered arbitrarily into the tomb area would be flogged ahundred times.

The Tablet House was built in the 10th year of Xuande (1435), and standsabout 10 meters high with two tiers of eaves. A huge tablet stands in the middleof the Tablet House. The front side bears an inscription by Emperor Renzong forChengzu. The reverse side is a poem by Qing Emperor Qianlong recording in detailthe conditions of the broken Changling, Yongling, Dingling and Xiling. On theeast side is the record of expenditures for repairing the Ming Tombs by the Qinggovernment. On the west side is an epitaph by Qing Emperor Jiaqing. It waswritten in the 9th year of Jiaqing (1804) describing the cause of the fall ofthe Ming Dynasty.

On the north side of the Tablet House, stands a group of stone carvings (36in all). Behind the house, there are two stone pillars. Beyond the pillars arestone animals and other statues. Lions, Xie Zhi, camels, elephants, and Qi Linhorses .All of the animals are in two pairs. Two stand, while the other twokneel. It is followed by the statues of military officers, civil officials andofficials of merit, four in each group. These stone animals and statues weremade in the 10th year of Xuande (1435). They reflect the imperial power when hewas alive and the imperial dignity after he was deceased. The animals andstatues were created using whole blocks of stone weighing a couple of tons andeach was delicately and masterfully carved.

Here stands Ling Xing Gate, also known as the unique Dragon and PhoenixGate, with the meaning of the Gate of Heaven. The gate is pierced with six doorleaves, attached to three archways. The top of the central section of the threearchways is decorated with flames and precious pearl, so it is also known as theFlame Archway. To the north of the Dragon and Phoenix Gate there lays aseven-arch marble bridge, leading to the gate of Changling. To the east of theseven-arch bridge stands an old five-arch bridge, which was the original site ofthe seven-arch bridge.

Actually we are standing on the axle line of the Ming Tombs, otherwiseknown as the Sacred Way or the Tomb path. We passed the Memorial Arch, the BigPalace Gate, the Tablet House, Sacred Way, stone animals and statues, and LingXing Gate. This seven-kilometer long sacred pathway leads from south to north,all the way to the Gate of Changling.

Now, we are moving to Chang Ling. Changling is the first tomb built in theMing Tombs area, covering 10 hectares and containing Emperor Zhu Di and hisempress Xu.

Zhu Di (Chengzu) of the Ming Dynasty was the fourth son of the firstEmperor Zhu Yuanzhang, born in 1360. Zhu Di was conferred the title of theprince of Yan in the 3rd year of Hongwu (1370). He was appointed at Beiping.After the death of Zhu Yuanzhang (the first Ming Emperor), Zhu Di used thepretext of eliminating evil officials at the side of Emperor Jianwen to lead anarmy expedition down south to Nanjing. He seized the throne in the 4th year ofJianwen (1402) and ascended the throne in June inside the Hall of AncestralWorship in Nanjing. Zhu Di was an emperor of outstanding accomplishment in theMing Dynasty. As soon as he became the prince of Yan, he led the generals out tobattle. He had great achievements in calming down the north. After he took overhis nephews power and became the emperor, he still went out to battle throughoutthe country and consolidated the rule of the Ming Dynasty. He made the importantdecision to move the capital to Beijing. During the rule of Zhu Di, magnificentdevelopments were made in the economy, culture and in diplomacy. In terms ofculture, Zhu Di successively sent Grand Academician Xie Jin, Yan Guangxiao andothers to compile the Yongle encyclopedia. The book has become the largest bookever complied in Chinese history. For expanding external exchanges and trade,Zhu Di selected eunuch Zheng He to lead a large fleet filled with precious gold,silver, silk and satins to sail to southeast Asia and Africa seven times in theearly years of Yongle.

Empress Xu was buried together with Emperor Zhu Di in Changling. EmpressXushi was the eldest daughter of Xu Da who was one of the founding fathers ofthe Ming Dynasty. Throughout her lifespan, Xu Shi complied 20 articles ofinternal lectures and a book advising to be good, so as to cultivate peoplesminds. She was the very first one to be buried in Changling and in the Ming Tombarea.

The Hall of Eminent Favor in Changling is the best preserved among thethirteen tombs. It is a valuable relic of ancient Chinas wooden structures. Itis nine rooms wide and five rooms long, a hall size rarely seen in China. Theroof is made of top-class double eaves and there are multiple rooms covered withyellow glazed tiles. The hall is supported by 60 thick Nanmu pillars, the middlefour in the hall are the thickest, the diameter of each one can reach over onemeter. It is known as the best Nanmu (phoebe) hall in the country.

Now we are going to Dinging. Dingling is located at the east foot of DayuMountain. Buried here are the 13th Ming Emperor Wanli (Zhu Yijun) and his twoempresses Xiaoduan and Xiaojing. Zhu Yijun was the longest on the throne of theMing Emperors. (He was emperor for 48 years). He was the greediest and laziestemperor in the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Yijun ascended the throne at the age of 9.After he came to power, he was supported by the chief minister Zhang Juzheng. Atthis time, various aspects of society gained development.

Later ,Zhang Juzheng died of illness. Not long after Wanli managed stateaffairs on his own, he used the chance to select the location for his tomb sitewhen he went to pay homage to the ancestors tombs. He spent eight million taelsof silver (250,000 kilos of silver) and six years to build a high quality tombDingling. After the Dingling was completed, Zhu Yijun personally went to inspectit, and felt very satisfied with the result. He went so far as to hold a grandbanquet in the Underground Palace, which was unheard of in history.

Zhu Yijun was a typical muddle-headed emperor. Reflecting on his reign, hedid not pay attention to state affairs for 28 out of his 48 year rule. The stateorgan was effectively semi-paralyzed during his reign. Later generationscommented that the fall of the Ming dynasty was caused by this emperor.

Zhu Yijun had two empresses. Empress Xiaojing was originally a maid ofWanlis mother Cisheng. Later she gave birth to a son of the emperor. That sonwas the one-month emperor Guangzong (Zhu Changluo). She died of illness 9 yearsearlier than Shenzong died. She was buried as a concubine at Pinggangdi, aroundthe east pit, at the Heavenly Longevity Mount. After Xiaojing was conferred thetitle of “grandmother of the emperor”, her body was moved to the UndergroundPalace of Dingling, and buried together with Emperor Wanli and Empress Xiaoduanon the same day. Xiaoduan was conferred the title of empress, but she could notgive birth to either a son or a daughter to the emperor. Xiaoduan died ofillness. A hundred days later, Emperor Wanli (Zhu Yijun) died too. EmpressXiaoduan, Emperor Wanli, and Empress Xiaojing were buried together in theUnderground Palace.

The tablet in front of Dingling has no words on it. It is called thewordless tablet. There is a pair of coiling dragons along the top and a patternof sea waves carved on the bottom. Its base is composed of a tortoise (Bixi). Itis said that the dragon has nine sons. In twelve of the Ming Tombs, excludingChangling, all the tablets are wordless. Originally there were no tablet housesin front of the Tombs, but later the tablet houses and steeles of the first sixtombs were completed. But the emperor Jiajing at the time indulged in drinking,lust and searching for longevity pills, so he had no time to pay attention onthe inscriptions. Consequently the six tablets are wordless. And in keeping withthis tradition, that’s why the tablets later on are also blank.

Now we are arriving at The Gate of Eminent Favor and the Hall of EminentFavor of Dingling, The Hall of Eminent Favor is also called Hall of Enjoyment.It was the place where the emperor and his entourage held grand sacrificialrites. They were mostly destroyed when the Qing soldiers came. And they weredestroyed again later, so now only the ruins remain.

Moving on, this is the exhibition rooms that were built after theexcavation of the Underground Palace. The exhibition explains in detail thehistory of the tomb master and introduces the tomb excavation process. Theexhibition rooms are divided into two parts, the south and the north. In thesouth room, on display are the sacrificial objects of Emperor Wanli unearthedfrom the Underground Palace. In the north room, on display are the sacrificialitems of the two empresses. All of then are fancy and invaluable.

Now we arrive at The Soul Tower, this is the symbol of the tomb. It is astone structure with colorful painted decorations. The Soul Tower and thePrecious citadel of Dingling have never been damaged seriously. The Soul Toweris the best preserved architecture above the ground of Dingling. On top of theyellow, glazed tiled roof of the Soul Tower sits a big stone tablet. Two Chinesecharacters----Dingling, are carved on the tablet. Inside the Soul Tower, on topof another stone tablet, there are two big characters----the Great Ming writtenin seal characters. On the body of the tablet, seven Chinese characters-----Tombof Emperor Shenzong Xian are carved. The Soul Tower is connected with thePrecious Citadel. The Precious Citadel is a large round wall built with bricks.The Precious Citadel wall is 7.5 m high, and lower part is thick while the upperpart is thin. The round walls perimeter is over 800 meters, and inside the wallis a large artificial mound, the emperors tomb mound, known as Precious Top.

Dingling is the only Ming Tomb to be excavated. Formal excavation workstarted in May 1956 and ended in 1958. First, the working personnel discoveredan exposed gateway at the side wall to the southwest of the Precious Citadel ofDingling. So they dug the first tunnel facing the position of the gateway. Atthe bottom of the tunnel, they discovered a tunnel made of bricks. Three monthslater, along the direction of the tunnel, to the west of the Soul Tower, theydug the second tunnel. During the digging, they encountered with a stone tabletwhich inscribed the words from here 48. 8m forward and 10. 7m downward lies theprecious wall. Therefore it gave the correct direction of opening up theUnderground Palace.

According to the direction of the stone tablet, after digging the thirdtunnel, they found a stone tunnel. At last they got to the precious wall. Thusthey opened the precious wall with a square stone room. To the west end of theroom, lay two marble doors. The working personnel used a wire and wood plank toremove the self-acting stone bar, which was against the back of the door. Withthis method, they opened the entrance of the Underground Palace.

The palace has no beam which was built according to the principles ofgeomancy Altogether there are five chambers. The chambers are separated by sevenmarble doors. The Underground Palace is 27 meters deep, covering an area of1,195 square meters. There is a same structure stone door in between the front,middle and rear chambers. The door is made of marble. The biggest marble door is3. 3 meters high, 1.7 meters wide, 4 tons in weight. It looks heavy, but it isreasonably designed. The pivot of the stone door is inclined to the door axle,so the door is easy to open and close. On top of the door is a lintel (made ofbronze) tube weighing about 10 tons to prevent the door from falling. Carved onthe front of the marble door are 9 rows of 81 knobs and strange animals withrings in their mouths. Located on the reverse side, opposite the animals, is aprotruding section that holds the doors self-acting stone bar.

The front and middle chambers are 7. 2 meters high and 6 meters wide. Thefloor is covered with gold bricks. According to records, the gold bricks aresmooth and durable. The more you polish them, the brighter they become. Thereare no decorations in the front and two annex chambers. In the middle chamber,there are three marble thrones for Emperor Wanli and his two Empresses, known asthe precious thrones. In the front of the thrones, there are five yellow glazedofferings and one blue-and-white porcelain jar of Jiajing Years style with acloud-and-dragon design. It is about 0.7 meters in diameter. Originally therewas sesame oil in the jar. On the surface of the oil was a copper tube with awick inside. It is called the everlasting lamp. Due to the lack of oxygen, thelight went out so the oil had not been used all.

The rear chamber is the biggest of the three. It is 9.5 meters high, 31meters long, 9.l meters wide, the floor is paved with polished stones. In therear chamber, there is a coffin platform edged with white marble. Placed on theplatform are the coffins of Emperor Wanli and his two Empresses as well as 26vermilion boxes filled with funeral objects.

In the middle of the coffin platform, there is a rectangular hole filledwith soil called Gold Well. Putting jade stone around the coffin or inside thecoffin or in the mouth of the deceased is called being buried with jade. Ancientpeople believed Gold Well was the pit of geomancy. It could prevent the bodyfrom decay for a long time. Being buried with jade on a Gold Well was thehighest standard of entombment one could receive in the feudal era.

Originally the empresss coffin should have been placed in the rear chamber.Then why were the coffins of the two empresses also in the same chamber as theemperors? In 1620, first empress Xiaoduan died in April, then in July EmperorWanli also died. After that, the son of Zhu Changluo died 29 days after hissuccession. In only a few months, two emperors and one empress had died insuccession. In addition they had removed Empress Xiaojings coffin to Dingling.All the burdens of the funeral burials fell on the just enthroned Emperor ZhuYoujian. The preparation work was done in a hurried fashion (this was clearlyrecorded in historical documents). The rainy season had already arrived beforethe funeral could occur and the passage leading to the empress annex chamber maynot have been convenient to open. So the coffins of the emperor, empresses allentered the Underground Palace through the front entrance. After the coffinsentered the Underground Palace, since the passage to the annex chambers werenarrow, the coffins of the empresses would not fit through it. So they had toput all the three coffins together into the rear chamber.

Now please follow me out of the underground palace. And our tour for todayis completed. I hope you have found our time together informative and enjoyable.We now have half an hour for a rest, and then we will get together here at4:00pm. Thank you.