《高考英语复习知识点：冠词和名词》
单项填空对名词的考察重点放在名词词义辨析，特别是同义词和近义词的辨析上。名词的习惯用法、一词多义、抽象名词具体化，名词动用等方面也是考察的重点。以下是学习啦小编为大家编辑的英语学习方法文章，仅供考生参考，欢迎大家阅读!
研究近年来高考题我们不难看出，名词部分主要考察名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配、名词的数(可数与不可数、单数与复数)、名词的所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。在高考试题中，名词常结合其他项目一起考察，考察题型以单项选择、短文改错、完形填空、语篇中的名词词义理解、及写作部分等。
一、对同义词、近义词的考查
1、 At the meeting they discussed three different_______to the study of mathematics。
A.approaches
B.means
C.methods
D.ways
【答案】D。
【解析】在会议上他们讨论了三种不同的学习数学的方法。way意为方式，方法，可指具体的方法，也可指抽象的方法，多指一般的思想、行动、办事的方法，也可指个人特殊的方式、方法。approach意为接近，靠近，方式，方法，指接近某人或某事，也可指对待或处理事情的方式或方法。mean意为方式，方法，用于抽象意义，可指为达到某一目的而采用的方法、计划、政策、策略等，尤指整套方法;用于具体意义，常指为达到某一目的所使用的工具、材料、机器、用具、车船等。method意为方式，方法，指具体的、系统的、有步骤的方法，强调条理性及高效率。
【备考提示】面对英语学习中的大量近义词，仅凭母语我们往往无法把它们真正理解和解释清楚。要尽可能地多翻阅英语词典，注意并比较它们的基本义，用英语的思维方式和语言来解释和理解它们。
二、对相似词的考查
2、Always read the_______on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.
A. explanations B. instructions
C. descriptions D. introductions
【答案】B。
【解析】 从选项中名词的拼写来看，不但形式相似，都是以?tions为后缀，而且instructions 和introductions读音也相似，我们平时如果不注意单词的辨形、辨音，很容易混淆，再加上四个单词的含义也相似，有的考生被弄得晕头转向。本题要求在辨形的基础上还要知道这几个词的含义：explanation，解释instruction，说明description，描述introduction，介绍。本句的意思是必须仔细阅读药瓶上的说明，按量服用。答案是B。
三、易错的新版教材名词固定搭配
作为对新版教材的体现，新版教材里的一些新出现的名词固定搭配得到了较多的一种考查。
3、______achievement，last weeks ministerial meeting of the WTO here earned a low,though not failing，grade.
A.In terms of B.In case of
C.As a result of D.In face of
【答案】A。
【解析】语境为：就成绩而言，上周WTO在这里的部长级会议得分不高，尽管还不至于不及格。B项表如果，C项表因为，D项表面对，A项表关于、至于，符合题意。
4、You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of______。
A.date B.shape
C.order D.balanee
【答案】B。
【解析】你坐在我帽子上，帽子已严重变形了。out of shape意为变形out of date意为过时：out of order意为混乱out ofbalance 意为失衡。
【备考提示】面对教材里的词组、搭配，我们要注意收集和整理，并尤其要加强新出现的固定搭配的记忆和分类汇总。
四、考察单词基本义的引申和拓展
近年来，常见单词的陌生义项在高考试题中不时出现，给部分考生造成了不小的障碍。
5、To make members of a team perform better,the trainer first of all has to know their _____ and weaknesses.
A.strengths B.benefits
C.techniques D.values
【答案】A。
【解析】语境为：要使队员表现得更好，教练员首先得清楚每个队员的优点和缺点。B项表利益、好处，不合题意。而A项除表体力外，还可引申为可数名词something providing force or power优点、强项，符合语境。
【备考提示】平时多翻阅英语词典，尽可能了解最常见单词的新义项。同时，加强英语材料的接触，拓展自己的知识面，提高自己的英语水平。
【精选试题】 名校模拟题及其答案
1、To the great of the citizens, no one else was infected with H1N1 except the 12 confirmed cases .
A. relaxation B. disappointment C. relief D. surprise
(湖北省黄冈中学2010届高三年级9月月考)
2、The twentieth century has witnessed an enormous worldwide political, economic and cultural________.
A.transplant B.transformation C.transportation D.translation
(河南省实验中学20092010高三第一次月考)
3、The map was drawn to the standard _____ of 1:100,000. So there was not much detail.
A. route B. line C. rate D.scale
(河南省实验中学20092010高三第一次月考)
4、Achieving a high degree of proficiency in English as a foreign language is not a mysterious
without scientific basis.
[A] process [B] practice [C] procedure [D] program
(江苏南通九校20092010高三第一次月考)
5、Mr Smith had an unusual :he was first an office clerk, then a sailor,and ended up as a school teacher.
[A] profession [B] occupation [C] position [D] career
(江苏南通九校20092010高三第一次月考)
6、Because of its intimacy,radio is usually more than just a medium;it is .
[A] firm [B] company [C] corporation [D]business
(山东潍坊20092010高三第一次月考)
7、The financial crisis has put the world economy in a difficult _________.
A. occasion B. condition C. evaluation D. situation
(合肥市2009高三第一次质量检测)
8.Paul has gone abroad to try his luck.
In my _______, his decision is not wise.
A. word B. view C. sight D. way
(福建省普通高中2009年毕业班单科质量检查)
9.Jack Brown is very clever and he studies hard as well.
No ________ he comes out first in the exams.
A. answer B. question C. wonder D. problem
(宁波市2009年第一次教学质量检测)
10. As is well known, the brain performs a very important _______, which controls the nerve system of the body.
A.motion B. action C. function D. fact
(烟台市2009年高三年级模块检测)
11. At the meeting they discussed three different to the study of mathematics.
A. means B. methods C. ways D. approa~ hes
12. The of Green Olympics, High-tech Olympics and Peoples Olympics will allow Beijing to become the focal point for tourists fr.m across the globe.
A. theme B. purpose C. task D. brand
13. On yesterdays interview, he didn t make a(n) at all ; what s the matter with him?
A. apology B. appearance C. difference D. change
14.--If you like,l can do some shopping for you.
--Its a very kind
A. service B. point C. suggestion D. offer
15. It was difficult to guess what her to the news would be.
A. feeling B. opinion C. comment D. reaction
16. What he told us about the situation simply doesnt make any
A. sense B. idea C. meaning D. mistake
17. Increasing supplies of fruits and vegetables to enable all people to have ____ to them is a major challenge.
A. attempt B. allowance C. access D. admission
18. Jeff,a British hiker,has prepared a variety of clothes of different for his travel from South China to the Noah.
A. measures B. weights C. sizes D. lengths
19. We need to consider what we will be using for language training.
A. abilities
B. appliances
C. facilities
D. qualities
20. Most air pollution is caused by the burning of like coal, gas and oil.
A. fuels B. articles
C. goods D. products
2l. The kind of office equipment will certainly make a(n) to the way 1 do my job.
A. sense B. difference C. effect D. meaning
22. l was really unwilling to play chess with him, but 1 had to meet the from him.
A. demand B. challenge C. need D. competition
23. He isn t honest at all. Under no should you lend him any money.
A. time B. case C. circumstances D. means
24. Don t try to persuade ynur boss ; he won t have the of employing me -- a fresh student.
A. intention B. attention C. sense D. attraction
25. When he first went for treatment at the hospital he seemed to be a hopeless
A. situation B. case C. condition D. state
26. I bought a new type of cellphone, which was the of all my classmates.
A. wish B. respect C. envy D. admire
27. There s no from my bedroom window except for some factory chimneys.
A. view B. scene C. sight D. look
28. The Chinese are looking forward to the first to land on the Moon after Yang Liweis successful trip to space.
A. measure B. attempt C. purpose D. desire
29. She is in a poor of health, which worries her mother very much.
A. position B. situation C. state D. condition
30. Some famous singers live on the from their record sales.
A. salary B. value C. bill D. income
【答案与解析】
1C【解析】句意为为了市民的极大的安慰，没有其他人被感染，除了12个确诊病例H1N1病毒。C符合题意，变革。
【命题意图与考点定位】特定语境中的名词的辨析。
2B【解析】句意为在政治、经济、文化等方面，二十世纪经历了一场全球范围的大变革。选项中三个选项前缀trans-(转移，变换)，B符合题意，变革。
【命题意图与考点定位】特定语境中的名词的辨析。
3D【解析】scale在此题中意指(实物与地图、图解等代表物间的)比例，比例尺.be drawn to be standard scale of 1/100,000(按照十万分之一标准比例尺绘制)。
【命题意图与考点定位】特定语境中的名词辨析。
4A[解析] 近义名词辨析，该句的主语是动名词结构achieving，谓语是is，表语是not a mysterious 。空格处填入的是表语的核心名词，介词结构without science basis作后置定语修饰该名词。practice意为练习，实践，program意为节目，程序，计划，两者不符合句意，首先排除。procedure和process都可表示过程，但procedure强调过程中经历的程序、手续、步骤，如：Making a complaint is a simple procedure.(申诉的手续相当简单。)process则指(为达到某一目标的)过程、进程，如：Coming off the drug was a long and painful process for him.(戒毒对他是个漫长、痛苦的过程。)本句强调的是学习英语的过程，应选[A]process。
句意为： 在作为外语的英语方面达到很高水平并非是一种毫无科学根据的神秘过程。
5D[解析] 名词辨析，profession指(需要教育、大量训练和专门学习的法律、医学、教育等脑力劳动方面的)专业或职业，如：the professions of law, medicine, and engineering(法律、医学和工程职业)。occupation意为职业，行业，位置，指成为正常的生活来源的一项活动，如：He has no fixed occupation. (他没有固定职业。) position意为(雇用)职位，工作，职务，如：Hes got a good position.(他谋得一份好工作。)career可指事业, 生涯，也可指某人工作经历或事业上取得成就的总的过程或进程，如：an officer with a distinguished career(有着卓越成就的军官)。题句冒号后的内容是对前面的补充说明，即，介绍了史密斯先生一生从事过的工作，这些工作单独来看是职业，但总的来看，是他的生涯。因此，应选[D]career。
[句意] 史密斯先生有着不寻常的人生：他起初当过办公室职员，然后当海员，最终做了一名教师。
6B[解析] 名词辨析，乍一看，选项的四个词都有公司、企业的意思，但是这个解释不合句意，这时考生需要考虑词汇的引申义。[B]company除了表示公司，还有同伴、陪伴之意，如：I enjoy his company.(我喜欢和他在一起。)[B]代入后，符合句意，为正确选项。由于收音机给人以亲切感，所以它不只是一个媒体，还可以与人作伴。
7 D【解析】经济危机使世界经济陷入困难的境地。A场合;B状况，条件;C评价。
8 B【解析】in my view=in my opinion 我认为他的决定不明智。
9 C【解析】It is no wonder that/ No wonder为固定句型，意为：难怪。
本句句意为：难怪他在考试中老是第一。
10 C【解析】句意：众所周知，大脑起着重要的作用，它控制着人体的神经系统。A项移动，运动;B项行动，function功能，作用。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
11 D 。【解析】四个选项的本义都是方法.但是从后面的介词to可以确定，D为正确答案。
12 A 。【解析】theme主题;purpose目的;task任务;brand商标，牌子。结合语境可知A为最佳答案。
13 B 。【解析】句意为昨天的向试，他根本没露面。他出什么事了。make an apology道歉;make an appearance露面，在场;make a difference有变化，有影响;make a change有改变。由句意可知，答案选B。
14 D。【解析】从上句看是说话者主动提出帮助，本句是对说话者的答谢，所以答案选D。
15 D。【解析】考查名词辨析。feeling感觉，态度;opinion意见，看法;comment评论，解释;reaction对的反应，结台本题语境可知，D为最佳答案。
16 A。【解析】make sense 等于be reasonable合情合理，，
17 C。【解析】have access to do sth固定搭配。
1 8 B。【解析】different weights不同的重量，结合句子内容可知，此处指的是从南到北气候可能有差异，所穿服装也应该有所不同，所答案选B。
19 C。【解析】考查名词同义辨析，句意：我们必须考虑我们将使用什么样的设备进行语言培训。appliance指(家用)电器;facility指某方面的设施，设备，如：public facilities公共设施。
20A。【解析】由题干中的coal, gas and oil.可知，这些都是燃料，故正确答案为A。article物品;goods货物，商品;product产品.均不符合句意。
21 B。【解析】句意为这样的办公设备无疑将会对我的工作方式产生影响。make sense有意义，讲得通;makek a difference to sb/sth对 产生影响;have an effect of sth对有影响。故答案选B。
22 B。【解析】句意为我实在不愿意和他下棋，但我不得不迎接他的挑战。challenge挑战，符合句意。
23 C。【解析】句意为他很不诚实，任何情况下都别借给他钱，under no cimumstances意思为在任何情况下都不，位于句首时句子要部分倒装。
24 A 。【解析】句意为别费力说服你的老板了，他不想雇用我这个大一学生。Have the intention of doig sth打算做某事.有做某事的意刚，是习惯用法。
25 B。【解析】考察近义词辨析。由treatment at the hospital 可知，case此处意为病人。
26 C 。【解析】句意为我买了一部新款式的手机，当然便成了同学们羡慕的对象。wish愿望;respect尊敬;envy羡慕(或嫉妒)的对象;admire感叹，称赞。故答案选C。
27 A 。【解析】句意为除了一些工厂的烟囱外，从我卧室看不到任何风景。view自然美景，风景;scene景色，景象;sight情景，景象;look容貌，外表，由句意可知，答案选A。
28.B。【解析】考察名词词义辨析。，句意：在杨利伟成功邀游太空后，中围人民正盼望着登月的第一次尝试。measure措施;attempt试图，尝试;purpose目的;desire渴望，欲望。故答案选B。
29 C 。【解析】state(精神、身体)状态，情况;position处境，地位;situation状况，形势;condition状态，状况。此处表示身体状况，故答案选C。
30D。【解析】句意为一些著名歌手依靠卖唱片的收入谋生。表示收入的单词是income。故答案选D。
高考英语复习知识点：冠词
高考对冠词的考查几乎每年都有一道题，而且都设两空，以增加覆盖面和难度。考生在冠词试题上失分较多，主要是缺乏语感，对一些知识点掌握不够透彻。高考冠词主要考查其基本用法，包括定冠词与不定冠词的区别用法、名词前省略冠词的场合、特指与泛指的区分以及习语中冠词的用法等。
考点一、 考查不定冠词a / an表示个别或泛指的用法
1. How about taking_____short break? I want to make_____call.
A. the; a B. a; the C. the; theD. a; a
【解析】 答案为D。take a short break休息一会儿， make a call打一个电话。
2. Christmas is_____special holiday when_____whole family are supposed to get together.
A. the; the B. a; a
C. the; a D. a; the
【解析】 答案为D。a special holiday指某一个特别的节日the whole family为特指。
考点二、 考查定冠词the特指某一个人或事物的用法
1. I looked under_____bed and found books I lost last week.
A. the; a B. the;the
C. 不填;the D. the; 不填
【解析】 答案为B。此题中的the bed和the books都为特指。the bed 指所看的床the books指所丢的书。
2. I like_____color of your skirt. It is good match for your blouse.
A. a; theB. a; aC. the; a D. the; the
【解析】 答案为C。 the color指你衬衫的颜色a good match泛指和你的外套相配的一种好颜色。
考点三、 考查不定冠词及零冠词的习惯搭配
1. George couldnt remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure
it was Sunday because everybody was at church.
A. /; the B. the; / C. a; / D. /; a
【解析】 答案为C。a Sunday泛指某一个星期天;at church为固定搭配，不用冠词，意为在做礼拜。
2. Many people have come to realize that they should go on_____balanced diet and makeroom in their day for exercise.
A. a; / B. the; a C. the; the D. /; a
【解析】 答案为A。a balanced diet泛指一种平衡的饮食make room为固定搭配，意为腾出空间。
考点四、 考查不定冠词在具体化的抽象名词前的用法
1. How about_____Christmas evening party?
I should say it was_____success.
A. a; a B. the; a
C. a; 不填 D. the; 不填
【解析】 答案为B。the Christmas evening party为特指刚结束的圣诞晚会;a success考查抽象名词具体化时的不定冠词用法。success原为抽象名词，不可数, 但在此处已经完全具体化而变为可数名词。题中a success意为一次成功的晚会。当抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、情感、情绪的人和事时，这个抽象名词已经变为可数名词，再如What a pleasant surprise you gave us! 意为你真的给我们带来了惊喜。
【精选试题】 名校模拟题及其答案
1(盐城中学高一年级12月份阶段考试，21)Well be traveling by ________ camel across the desert before we go to ________university.
A. /; the B. the; / C. /; / D. the; a
2(沈阳二中20082009学年度上学期12月月考，8)Richard Powers The Echo Maker, ____ novel set in ___ small town of Kearney, Nebraska, US, has won the 57th US National Book Award for fiction.
A. the; the B. a; a; C. a; the D. /; the
3(辽宁省营口市08-09学年普通高中高二上学期期末质量检测，1)He is in ____ control of the company. I mean, the company is in ____ control of him.
A. the; / B. /; the C. the; the D. /; /
4(银川市实验中学2009届高三年级第三次月考，33)Now that Tom hates_______ school, the school becomes_______ prison to him
A. a;a B. /;a C. a;/ D. /;/
5(宁夏银川一中2009届高三年级第三次月考，21)In _____ preparation for the launching of Shenzhou Ⅶ, scientists need ______ knowledge of weather changes.
A.the; the B.a; ∕ C.∕; a D.the; a
6(山东济南高二英语08-09期末统考试题，33)Because of ______ high demand for Type AB blood, ______ supplies of it are usually limited.
A. the; the B. 不填; 不填 C. 不填; the D. a; the
7.The sign reads In case of ____ fire, break the glass and push ____ red button.
A. 不填;a B. 不填;the C. the; the D. a; a
8.I earn 10 dollars ____ hour as ____ supermarket cashier on Saturdays.
A. a; an B. the; a C. an; a D. an; the
9.Theres ____ dictionary on ____ desk by your side.
A. a; the B. a; a C. the; a D. the; the
10.Where is my blue shirt?
Its in the washing machine. You have to wear ____ different one.
A. any B. the C. a D. other
11. If you have got temperature without coughing and headache，perhaps you have caught cold.Just stay in bed .Dont think that you have got HINl.
A the;the;不填 B a;a;不填
C.a;the;the D a：a：the
12 As global warming continues to be major concern for the future of our planet，people are starting to turn to gmen living practices to help save it for future generations.
A. a：the B.a;不填 C不填;the D.the;the
13.Every second day he went to the library for some books to read. But after a page or two，he would put the book down and pick up new one
A.the：a B不填;龇 C th。;the D不填;a
14 The education of young has become hot and serious topic in the present society.
A the;不填
B.a;the C.不填;the D the;a
15 He has good knowledge of many foreign languages，and one of them is English which is language spoken by many people in the world.
A the：a B.a;the C.a;a D.the;the
16 Throughout history nan has had to accept fact that all living things must die.
A the：the B。;a C不填;the D不填;不填
17一Was problem solved?
一We were trying to think of way out，but it was impossible to find one.
A a：the B the;a C.the;不填D。;。
18.I am in charge of the class which was in charge of my wife.
A.不填：the B不填;不填 C the;不填D the;the
19 While music is just so-so， story in this TV play is quite moving
A the：the B不填;不填 C.the;a D不填;the
20.According to World Health Organization，health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent spread of AIDS
A the：the B.th。;不填 C.a;a D不填;the
21 Nowadays Intenet is becoming increasingly popular and new high speed broadband network has recently started.
A a;the B the;a C a;a D the;the
22.We made Xiao Ming monitor at the class meeting last Saturday，since ten students have been looking after the old man by turns，including monitor
A our;不填 B不填;the C.the;the D.a;our
23 It was reposed by the foreign media that the 29th Beijing Olympic Games was unique and successful event in Olympic history.
A a;不填 B.the;the C.不填;the D.a;the
24 As is known，it was Hu Jintao， presidem in our nation，who gave lecture at the opening ceremony of Beijing Olympics。
A the;a B the;不填 C;the D不填;a
25 Love is way of life，but not aim of it
A.the;the B.a;the C a;all D.the;an
26 Many people have come to realize that they should go on balanced diet and make room in heir day for exercise.
A.the;不填 B the;a C the;the D不填;a
27 1 wanted to catch early train，but couldnt get ride to the station
A an;the B不填;the C an;不填D the;a
28 Gorge couldnt remember when he first met Mr Anderson.but he was sure it was Sunday because everybody was at church
A不填;the B the;不填 C;不填 D不填：a
29 Polar bears live mostly on sea ice，which they useas platform for hunting seals。
A.a;a B.a;the C不填;a D the;不填
30. waIk is expected to last all day，so bring packed lunch
A.A;a B.The;不填 C.The;a D.A;不填
答案与解析
1.C【解析】by +camel 表示乘坐交通工具，中间不用任何冠词;go to university 上大学 固定搭配。
2 C【解析】一本小说，可数;特指某个城镇，用定冠词。
3 B【解析】in control of 人控制某事某物;in the control of 某事某物在人的控制下。
4 B【解析】学校专有名词这个时候不加，泛指;像一座监狱，可数名词。
5 C【解析】in preparation for 固定搭配;a knowledge of 某一门知识，这个时候可数。
6 D【解析】a demand for 固定搭配一个需求;专指前面AB血型的供给。
7 B【解析】fire 表示火，抽象不可数，那个红色的按钮特指。
8 C【解析】一个小时可数，而且读音开头是元音，所以用an;作为一个超市收银员也是泛指可数.
9. A【解析】桌子上有一本词典，不具体所指;你身边的桌子特指。
10. C【解析】泛指另外一件T恤。
11 B。【解析】第一空和第二空是抽象名词具体化。此时temperature表示发烧,cold表示感冒，应加不定冠词。第三空in bed是固定短语，意为躺在床上。
12 B。【解析】第一空用不定冠词，表示人们关心的事情之一;第二窄空后而是复数名词，前面不加冠词。
13.D。【解析】.Every second day每隔一天，中间不加冠词;第二空表示泛指，用不定 冠词a，所以答案选D。
14 D。【解析】第一空the young是定冠词加形容词可表示一类人;第二空表示泛指一个，此处意为已经成为一个热门而义严肃的话题。
15 B。【解析】have a good knowledge of对很了解;第二空表示特指，因为后面有定语修饰。
16 C。【解析】history为抽象名词，其前不加冠词;fact后带有同位语.应表示特指，所以答案选C。
17 B。【解析】第一空指说话双方都知道的事情，所以用定冠词;第二空的意思是想出一个好方法，way是可数名词，所以应该用不定冠词，因此答案选B。
18 A.【解析】句意：我在管理由我妻子管理的班级。in charge of负责，管理，其主语通常是人，in the charge of由负责或管理，其主语通常是物。故答案选A。
19 A。【解析】本题的两个设空之处都指的是说话双方都明白的事情，应该用定冠词，所以答案选A。
20 A。【解析】世界卫生组织前应该用定冠词;第二空特指疾病的传播，也应该用定冠词。故答案为A。
21 B，【解析】Intenet为专有名词，成用the来修饰;而一条新的高速宽带网为泛指，用不定冠词a来修饰。
22 B。【解析】动词make之后用作补语的名词monitor (班长)表示职位，故不加冠词。第二空用定冠词the,表特指(即上文提到的我们选出的班长)。
23 D。【解析】考查冠词的特指与泛指用法。第一空表示某类事物中的一个用不定冠词，第二空特指奥林匹克历史，用定冠词。
24 D。【解析】表示职位的名词president作同位语，其前不加冠词;give a lecture为固定用法，意思是做演讲。
25 B。【解析】第一个空为a way of life一种生活方式，表泛指;第二个空用the,特指生活的目的。故选B。
26 A。【解析】考查固定搭配中冠词的用法。get ona diet节食，make room for抽出时间或空间，room是不可数名词。
27 D。【解析】the early train早班车，为习惯说法。后半句的意思是：但是却没有赶上去火车站的车。get a ride搭便车。
28 C。【解析】此处意为但是他确信那是一个星期天，因为大家都在做礼拜。be at chutch做礼拜。
29 C。【解析】ice是不可数名词，表泛指时不需要用冠词;platform是可数名词，用a表示泛指。
30 C。【解析】第一空用the表示说话双方都知道的事情;第二空用a，表泛指。