《英语语法填空12个得分技巧改错秘籍》
语法填空这种题型能全面检测大家在英语词汇、语法，甚至是句法上的运用能力，能更科学地反映大家的英语综合水平。但是语法填空却困扰着很多同学，如何更好地的处理这类题型，小编在这里整理了相关资料，希望能帮助到您。
已给单词提示题型的技巧
此类题可以考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握程度。单词形式变化主要有两种，一是词的形、数、式的变化，一是词的派生变化。
技巧一：名词形式变化
名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。
例：
There are many students living at school，the______(children) houses are all far from school.
由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为children’s。
技巧二：动词形式变化
动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气)，有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。
例：
The talk_____(give)tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.
句中的is written是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出，报告是“将来”作的，故用不定式;且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式——to be given。
技巧三：代词形式变化
代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如no one/none、other/another等。
例：
The king decided to see the painter by_____(he).
由介词by可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himself。
技巧四：形容词、副词比较级变化
英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀er和est，或在词前more/less和most/least，且形容词的最高级还要冠以the。
例：
I am_____(tall)than Liuwen.He is the tallest students in my class.
此题后句交代了Liuwen是班上最高的学生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的“less tall”。
技巧五：数词形式变化
数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀一teen、ty的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及one/two的特殊变化形式 once/twice
例：
In the summer holiday following my_______(eighteen)birthday, I tookdriving lessons.
这里应是“第十八个生日”，是序数概念而非基数概念，故用eighteenth。
技巧六：词的派生
词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。
例：
There is a direct link between the increase in food eatenoutside the home and the rise in ___________ (weigh) problems.
这里是指“体重问题”，故应用名词weight作定语。
未给单词提示题型的技巧
此类题难度较大，但也是有方法应对的。
技巧七：固定短语结构
根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“视而不见”才能命中答案。
例1：
The children were playing on the ground，enjoying____，dirty but happy.
从句中的happy可以 猜出孩子们是开心的，所以应用enjoy oneself短语，故其答案为themselves。
例2：
His boss was____angry as to fire him.
如果“跳过”横线后面的angry，就可以发现这里用到一个关联短语so...as to...，所以，so是正解。
技巧八：从句引导词
从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向，主要检测学生对引导词的掌握程度。
例1：
He did not done_____his father had asked him to do.
审题可知，横线所在为宾语从句的引导词，此引导词在从句中充当宾语，且指物，所以是what。
例2：
Those_____want to go to the village must sign here.
经过观察可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词，进一步观察可知先行词为those，且指人，所以只能填入who，在定语从句中做主语。
技巧九：短语动词结构
短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。
例1：
The us consists____fifty states.
根据常识可知，美国由50个州组成，故横线处与前一词组合，表示“由......组成”，所以答案是of。
例2：
Mrs. Baker was ill，so her daughter had to ask for leave to take care_____ her.
生病需要人照顾，所以答案是of。
技巧十：短语介词结构
短语介词即多个词的组合。起介词作用的短语，如：except for，due to等。
例1：
Mr. Smith took a plane to London instead ____ taking a train.
此题中说到两种交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐……而不是坐……”的意思，故答案为of，以构成介词短语instead of。
例2：
Just then，he saw a blackboard in front _____ him.
细心观察，可以看出填入of即可构成in front of，此题得解。
技巧十一：连词、关联短语结构
常用的连词有and，or，but，so，for，while等，常用的关联短语有both…and...，either…or...，neither…nor...，not only…but also...等。
例：
____Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre.
横线处的词与后面可以构成both…and，故答案为Both。
技巧十二：冠词、介词和常用的副词
冠词只能是在a，an，the之间判断;常用的介词有in，at，on，before，during等，通常考查固定搭配;副词的量还是比较多，如：however，never，yet，much等。
例1：
Jackie likes to drive at____ high speed.
这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法，答案为a，构成at a high speed，“以高速”开车。
例2：
Old Tom’s granddaughter used to visit him_____Saturday afternoon.
Saturday afternoon是指定的某天下午，所以不用介词in，而用on才是正解。
例3：
Though Tom did the same work____Jim did，he got a lower pay______Jim.
第一条横线可由前面的the same断出用as，第二条横线则可由lower断出比较意义，故答案为than。
例4：
There is only one dayleft，_____，I still haven’t done my homework.
观察上下句，可以看出是转折关系，且横线与前后用逗号隔开，排除but，所以答案是however。
英语短文改错题探秘
高考英语改错题是考生感到棘手的题型之一。笔者对近几年的高考英语改错题作了细致的分析并加以归类后，发现错误类型主要集中在以下方面。(例题保留原题号)
1. 动词时态
每年都有时态错误的小题，而且改动基本集中在一般过去时与一般现在时之间。时态的更改要以上下文的主体时态为依据。
(1)She liked it very much and reads it to the class. All said the story was... 84. read
(and连接并列谓语)
(2)At once I apologize and controlled myself... 83. apologized
(and连接并列谓语)
(3)Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class,... 82. talk
(根据sometimes可判断此句为一般现在时)
(4)I will write again and send you the photos we take together. 85. took
(把照片寄给你，应该是已经拍好的，用过去时)
(5)There are advantage for students to work while studying at school. One of them was that they can earn money. 77. is
(从上下文判断，应该是现在时，谓语用is)
(6)We named him Jack and keep him for about three years. 76. kept
(and连接并列谓语)
2. 名词单复数
单复数互改是高考英语改错题的基本题型之一，改动的依据有：一是根据名词前的修饰限定成份;二是根据上下文的逻辑关系。
(1)Their word were a great encouragement to me. 85. words
(是把word改为words 还是把were改为was，根据名词前的修饰限定词their来决定。)
(2)that was a dinner we had waited for several month. 85. months
(several修饰复数名词)
(3)a few minute on the Internet. 77. minutes
(a few修饰复数名词)
(4)But one and a half year later. 79. years
(one and a half意思为一年半，故判断此处year应为复数形式)
(5)There are advantage for students to work... 76. advantages
(从there are 判断应该用名词复数)
3. 句子结构
句子结构方面的错误范围庞大，解答高考英语改错题主要可以从以下几方面来思考：1)句子结构是否完整，成份是否冗缺;2)单词的词性与其在句中的功能是否相符;3)主谓一致;4)复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词或引导词的运用是否得当等。
(1)I won’t be able to meet you at the airport although I have classes in the afternoon. 78. because/as
(复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词运用不当)
(2)I don’t know that they don’t like to talk with me. 81. why
(复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词运用不当)
(3)For the most part, students working to earn money for their own use. 78. work
(缺谓语动词)
(4)Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything if they like. 79. allows
(主语是动名词短语Earning their own money，谓语应该用单数)
(5)But the most wonderful thing about Jack were his musical ability. 84. was
(主语是第三人称单数)
4. 赘述
高考英语改错题中的赘述是指在一些固定表达中或从上下文逻辑来看用了多余的词，从而使句子表达不合规范或造成逻辑上的重复。
(1)I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day. 80. should
(并列谓语，should多余)
(2)Can you tell me about what I should do? 85. about
(tell sb about/of sth或tell sb接从句)
(3)I had to look up to the same word many times, ... 78. to
(look up a word查字典)
(4)Some students may also to save up for their college or future use. 84. to
(情态动词may后接动词原形)
(5)But for the most wonderful thing about Jack was his musical ability. 83. for
(but是连词for是介词，不能并列)
5. 固定结构(固定句型、固定短语、固定搭配)
所谓固定结构是指英语中一些不能随意更改的习惯表达。如固定短语中的词不能缺，固定搭配要前后一致等。
(1)Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was ... 81. talking
(enjoy doing为固定短语)
(2)I am sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool. 79. at
(laugh at sb. 固定短语)
(3)from friends can all provide you for stamps from all over the world. 82. with
(provide ... with为固定短语)
(4)I am writing to thank you with your kind help. 76. for
(thank sb for sth)
(5)or for permission to do things by money. 83. with
(with money)
6. 冠词
英语中冠词只有三个，从高考英语改错题的角度来看，只能从以下几个方向出题：1)不定冠词a和an互改;2)不定冠词a或an和定冠词the互改;3)根据需要增删冠词。
(1)I will have to decide what I want to do over a weekend. 77. the
(根据句义是特指这个周末)
(2)When I was ∧boy, ... 76. ∧a
(我是一个男孩，应用不定冠词 a.)
(3)This was my first visit to a English family. 78. an
(English开头字母是元音，应该用an)
(4)I started writing down words from ∧ books that I read. 82. ∧the
(名词后由从句修饰时，应使用定冠词)
(5)I hope you’ve had∧pleasant journey home and will come to China 83. ∧a
7. 代词
代词不仅要与其所指代对象一致，其运用还要符合上下文的语气及逻辑关系。
(1)And every year more and more people start a stamp collection of your own ... 78. their
(指代对象应一致)
(2)You have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him. 83. them
(pupils 是复数,后应该用替代复数名词的代词。)
(3)Some students may also save up for our college or future use. 85. their
(指代对象应一致)
(4)We often play a trick on himself. 79. him
(play a trick on sb)
8. 连词及与并置问题
连词连接的前后两部分是否合乎逻辑;并列连词所连接的前后两部分结构是否等同。这两点是解答连词及其相关问题的关键所在。
(1)My grandma was the best cook in the world but could make the most delicious dishes. 79. and
(从句意可知，此处表并列关系，应用and)
(2)My class will be over by then or I will pick you up there. 82. and
(并列关系，“于是、同时、然后”等意思)
(3)I would describe myself as shy and quietly. 77. quiet
(连接的词性应一致)
9. 易混淆的词或词组
易混淆的词既包括词意相同或相近的同义词、近义词，也包括外形相似、意义有别的词组。易混淆词或词组的辨析也是高考改错题中不容忽视的部分。
(1)Finding information on the Net is easily. 83. easy
(be easy 非常容易，形容词做表语)
(2)She called 119 immediate. 84. immediately
(副词做状语)
(3)I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English. 78. everything
(在陈述句中一般用everything)
(4)...but I had terribly problems memorizing them. 77. terrible
(作定语应用形容词)
(5)My pronunciation was terribly. 78.terrible
(系动词后用形容词作表语)
以上错误类型的划分不一定很科学，但至少能为考生解答高考英语改错题提供思考方法。一旦考生认清了高考英语改错题的特点、解题方法以及错误类型，解题时就不会盲目从事，而能做到有的放矢。
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