《常考初三的英语语法知识点》

初三的英语学习是单词和语法的综合，你必须要把单词和语法一起拿下，考试的时候才能获得一个好分数。下面小编为大家带来常考初三的英语语法知识点，希望大家喜欢!

初三英语语法知识点

被动语态的动词

主动语态比被动语态直接而有力，多用主动语态，可以使文章充满朝气，呈现活力。在下列两组句子中， (b)比(a)有力：

(1) a.My first visit to New Zealand will always be remembered by me.

b. I will always remember my first visit to New Zealand.

(2) a.The crowing of cocks could be heard at dawn.

b. The cocks' crow came with dawn.

虽然如此，在某些情况下，非用被动语态不可。前此已提过这事，这里不再重述。这里只有指出其中一点，就是有些动词，如 "base, schedule,expect, suppose" 等，通常以被动语态形式出现。

例如：

(1)This survey was based on facts.

(2)The last train is scheduled to leave at 9pm.

(3)You are expected to come on time.

(4)All are supposed to work hard.

除了上述这些动词之外，还有十种，几乎都以被动式出现。

(一)有关“疾病”的动词，如：

(1)Helen's left lung is infected.

(2)He is confined to the house by illness.

(3)The old man was seized with sudden chest pains.

(二)有关“疲乏”的动词，如：

(4) I am completely exhausted after the game.

(5)Tom was done up after the race.

(三)有关“喜乐”的动词，如：

(6)The children were fascinated by the toys.

(7)We were delighted to hear the good news.

(8) I am very pleased to see you here.

(四)有关“延迟”或“障碍”的动词，如：

(9)The workers were held up by the heavy rain.

(10)The road was blocked by ice.

(11)The train was delayed by 30 minutes.

(五)有关“惯性动作”的动词，如：

(12)Tom is addicted to smoking.

(13)Foreign workers are quite used to hard work.

(六)有关“烦恼”或“焦急”的动词，如：

(14)Who was upset by John?

(15)Mother was annoyed to know this.

(七)有关“惊奇”或“震惊”的动词，如：

(16) I was surprised to see him here.

(17)All were shocked to hear the bad news.

(八)有关“包围”的动词，如：

(18)The troops were surrounded.

(19)Troy was besieged.

(九)有关“沾污”或“污化”的动词，如：

(20)Judy's reputation is tarnished.

(21)The water was contaminated with oil.

(十)有关“害怕”或“混乱”的动词，如：

(22)All were frightened out of their wits.

(23)He was puzzled about what to do next.

要注意的一点是，上面这十类动词有些已渐渐失去了动词力量，转化为惯用语。

初三英语常考的语法知识点

所谓垂悬结构(The DanglingConstruction)就是一个句子成分，如分词短语，不定式动词短语等，找不到被修饰的主语或被修饰的对象不合逻辑。垂悬结构是种错误的句法，应该避免。

下面是三种常见的垂悬结构及其改正方法：

⒈垂悬分词或分词短语，如：

① Climbing up the hill, several boars were seen.

这句子里的现在分词短语(present participial phrase)修饰主语“several boars”是错的;改正方法有二：

(a)确定是逻辑主语，使句子变成“Climbing up the hill, the explorers saw severalboars.”

(b)把现在分词短语扩大为副词分句(也称状语从句)：“When the explorers climbed up the hill, they sawseveral boars/ several boars were seen.”

⒉垂悬副词短语，如：

② After putting a shrimp on the hook, the fish began to bite.

这句的副词短语(adverb phrase)和主语“the fish”有什么逻辑关系呢?真正的逻辑主语应该是“the fisherman”或“theangler”才对。改正方法和例①同：

(a) After putting a shrimp on the hook, the fisherman found that the fishbegan to bite.

(b) After the fisherman had put a shrimp on the hook, the fish began tobite.

⒊垂悬不定式动词短语，如：

③ To write well, a lot of practice is needed.

④ To be a loyal employee, a sense of belonging is a must.

这两个句子的不定式动词短语(infinitive phrases)并不能修饰“practice”和“a sense ofbelonging”，真正的主语必须是“ 人”，如：

(a) To write well, one needs a lot of practice/a person has to practise alot.

(b) To be a loyal employee, he or she must have a sense of belonging.

上述三类垂悬结构中，第一类发生的频率最高，必须注意。但是在下列三种情况下，分词短语是对的，它们并非垂悬结构：

第一，独立结构(The Absolute Construction，见3月7日《中英合谈》)中的分词短语有自己的主语，所以不是垂悬结构。例如：

① Such being the case, we can go home now./……it is not wrong to call it aday.

第二，当分词含有介词或连词性质时，它不需要逻辑主语，所以没有垂悬问题存在。例如：

② Owing to a lack of funds, the project has to be discontinued.

③ Provided that there is sufficient time, everyone can do the jobbetter.

第三，当分词短语是用来表示说话者的态度或意见时，也不需要逻辑主语，因此也不存在着垂悬问题。例如：

④ Judging from his facial look, the news must have been terrible.

⑤ Taken as a whole, there is nothing wrong with the logic behind thatidea.

初三英语语法知识点总结归纳

下面这则广告中的形容词“irresistable”里的后缀( suffix)不对，应该把“-able”改为“-ible”：

“We offer: competitive monthly salary, weekly incentives, attractivetransport allowance, incentive trips and irresistable performance bonus.”

到底是“-able”，还是“-ible”?这两者有何不同?

现在先从形容词的其他后缀谈起。

形容词后缀分两大类。一类是加到名词上的;另一类是加到动词上的。

㈠加到名词上的主要有：① -y，如：bloody, dirty, healthy, juicy, muddy; ② -ly，如：costly,friendly, lovely, orderly, timely;③ -ful，如：careful, faithful, helpful, peaceful,useful;④ -less，如：careless, harmless, noiseless, senseless, useless;⑤-ous/-ious，如：dangerous; courageous, envious, mysterious;⑥-al/-tal/-ial/-tial，如：accidental, horizontal, colonial, influential;⑦-ic/-etic/-atic，如：artistic, sympathetic, systematic;⑧ -ish，如：childish, foolish,selfish;⑨ -like，如： life-like, business-like, war-like;⑩ -ed/-en，如：skilled,horned, golden, wooden.

㈡加到动词上的有：① -ent/-ant，如：dependent, different, observant, pleasant;②-able/-ible，如： agreeable, comfortable, defensible, sensible;③-ive/-tive/-ative/-itive，如：active, attentive, imaginative, sensitive;④-ed/-en，如：advanced, noted, stolen, swollen;⑤ -ing，如：annoying, disgusting,entertaining.

-able/ible出现在第二类后缀中，“-able”后缀的形容词属英语体系的字：“-ible”后缀的形容词则来自拉丁体系。前者数量大，后者数量少，主要的是下面这些，可以特别留意：

accessible, apprehensible, audible, compatible, contemptible, convertible,corrigible, destructible, digestible, divisible, defensible, edible, eligible,exhaustible, fallible, feasible, flexible, forcible, horrible, illegible,intelligible, negligible, perceptible, possible, responsible, resistible,sensible, suspectible, tangible, terrible, visible.

现在顺便把名词、动词和副词主要后缀提出，作为参考：

⑴名词后缀

-ment, -t, -ture, -ion/-ition, -al, -ance, -ent, -er, -ant等。这些名词后缀都要加到适当的动词上，如：arrangement, restraint, fixture, celebration, extension,competition, renewal, assistance, resident, exporter, attendant.

-ness, -y/-ty/-ity, -th, -ce/-cy 等，可以加到适当的形容词上如：darkness, kindness,honesty, loyalty, simplicity, truth, warmth, importance, absence, ungency,efficiency.

⑵动词后缀：

加到名词上的有 -en, -ise/-ize, -fy, -ate，如：frighten, apologise, beautify,motivate.

加到形容词上的有 -ise/-ize, -en，如：modernise, realise, brighten, weaken.

⑶副词后缀：

-ly，可以加到形容词和某些名词上，如：beautifully, clearly, leisurely, weekly.

每个后缀都有一定的意思，但不能脱离词根独立生存，这点要特别注意，以免犯错。

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